Laser Radiation Absorption by Metals during the Formation of Surface Nanostructures

Kinetics of Nanostructuring Processes of Material Surface under Influence of Laser Radiation

“…Irradiation of the material can be carried out both with a stationary laser beam and with its movement along the surface at a given speed. To simulate the processes of nanostructuring of matter under the action of short laser pulses on the surface of a solid, it is necessary to understand the arising physical processes [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Since these processes take place in extremely small volumes and time intervals, high heating and cooling rates appear, as well as large spatial temperature gradients.…”

“…Since these processes take place in extremely small volumes and time intervals, high heating and cooling rates appear, as well as large spatial temperature gradients. This leads to various phase transitions (melting, evaporation), thermionic emission, gas desorption, thermomechanical effects (thermal expansion, thermal stress), and structural changes [1,[5][6][7][8]. Understanding which of these processes is predominant, it is possible to develop a model for estimating the characteristic parameters of the resulting nanostructures.…”

“…For other examples, the characteristic formation of cracks or protruding points on the surface indicates deformation of the material due to phase and structural transformations. A similar experiment is described in [4,7,8], where an ArF laser with a laser energy density of 0.18 J/cm 2 was used. As a result, cracking of the surface layer and features of the relief in the form of protruding points with sizes from 1 to 5 µm were found.…”

“…The appearance of the residual deformation is due to inelastic effects and rearrangement of crystal defect structure. In this case, the mechanism of absorption of laser radiation by a metal surface during the formation of surface nanostructures is nonlinear and has a heterogeneous character [4,6,7].…”

“…Recently, studies [4,7,9] give gradual progress in describing the basics and patterns of formation of real surface structures. The current state of this research requires: firstly, the accumulation of much more practical experience in studying the mechanisms and processes of the nanostructures formation; secondly, the creation of new theories that help to explain the operation of such mechanisms [2,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”