Laser Smoothing and Imprint Reduction with a Foam Layer in the Multikilojoule Regime

Depierreux, S.; Labaune, C.; Michel, D. T.; Stenz, C.; Nicolaï, Ph.; Grech, M.; Riazuelo, G.; Weber, S.; Riconda, C.; Tikhonchuk, V. T.; Loiseau, P.; Борисенко, Н. Г.; Nazarov, W.; Hüller, S.; Pesme, D.; Casanova, M.; Limpouch, J.; Meyer, C.; DiNicola, P.; Wrobel, R.; Alozy, E.; Romary, P.; Thiell, G.; Soullié, G.; Reverdin, C.; Villette, B.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.102.195005

Cited by 79 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…It is found that our analytical models are in good agreement with available numerical simulations and experimental results 9,10,12 in what concerns the velocity of the ionization wave and the propagation depth. The duration of the homogenization process increases with the ratio of mean foam density to critical plasma density and decreases with the laser intensity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…(29) for the parameters of the LIL experiment. 9 The curves correspond to the values of the fractal parameter a, equal to 1 (dashed) and 0.8 (solid line), respectively. The points present the measurements of the ionization front velocity reported in Ref.…”

Section: Practical Model Of Laser Light Absorption In a Porous Undmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The temperature evolution follows from the energy conservation Eq. (9). Introducing the dimensionless temperature,…”

Section: B Ionization Front In a Homogeneous Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Supersonic propagation of the ionization wave has been demonstrated in the experiment conducted on the Ligne d'Integration Laser (LIL) laser facility. 9 A hot plasma behind the front provided an efficient smoothing of the transmitted laser beams.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser-supported ionization wave in under-dense gases and foams

et al. 2011

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Propagation of laser-supported ionization wave in homogeneous and porous materials with a mean density less than the critical plasma density is studied theoretically in the one-dimensional geometry. It is shown that the velocity of the ionization wave in a foam is significantly decreased in comparison with the similar wave in a homogeneous fully ionized plasma of the same density. That difference is attributed to the ionization and hydro-homogenization processes forming an undercritical density environment in the front of ionization wave. The rate of energy transfer from laser to plasma is found to be in a good agreement with available experimental data.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Practical Model Of Laser Light Absorption In a Porous Undmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The temperature evolution follows from the energy conservation Eq. (9). Introducing the dimensionless temperature,…”

Section: B Ionization Front In a Homogeneous Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser-supported ionization wave in under-dense gases and foams

et al. 2011

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“…An alternative way to provide smoothing using foam was proposed and demonstrated by Depierreux et al 230 Here, a 500-lm-thick layer of underdense foam of 10-mg/cm 3 density placed on top of a solid target was irradiated with four beams of the Ligne d'Int egration Laser (LIL) (12 kJ energy at 0.35 lm). It was observed that the beam nonuniformities decreased after propagating through the foam plasma.…”

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confidence: 99%

Direct-drive inertial confinement fusion: A review

et al. 2015

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The direct-drive, laser-based approach to inertial confinement fusion (ICF) is reviewed from its inception following the demonstration of the first laser to its implementation on the present generation of high-power lasers. The review focuses on the evolution of scientific understanding gained from target-physics experiments in many areas, identifying problems that were demonstrated and the solutions implemented. The review starts with the basic understanding of laser–plasma interactions that was obtained before the declassification of laser-induced compression in the early 1970s and continues with the compression experiments using infrared lasers in the late 1970s that produced thermonuclear neutrons. The problem of suprathermal electrons and the target preheat that they caused, associated with the infrared laser wavelength, led to lasers being built after 1980 to operate at shorter wavelengths, especially 0.35 μm—the third harmonic of the Nd:glass laser—and 0.248 μm (the KrF gas laser). The main physics areas relevant to direct drive are reviewed. The primary absorption mechanism at short wavelengths is classical inverse bremsstrahlung. Nonuniformities imprinted on the target by laser irradiation have been addressed by the development of a number of beam-smoothing techniques and imprint-mitigation strategies. The effects of hydrodynamic instabilities are mitigated by a combination of imprint reduction and target designs that minimize the instability growth rates. Several coronal plasma physics processes are reviewed. The two-plasmon–decay instability, stimulated Brillouin scattering (together with cross-beam energy transfer), and (possibly) stimulated Raman scattering are identified as potential concerns, placing constraints on the laser intensities used in target designs, while other processes (self-focusing and filamentation, the parametric decay instability, and magnetic fields), once considered important, are now of lesser concern for mainline direct-drive target concepts. Filamentation is largely suppressed by beam smoothing. Thermal transport modeling, important to the interpretation of experiments and to target design, has been found to be nonlocal in nature. Advances in shock timing and equation-of-state measurements relevant to direct-drive ICF are reported. Room-temperature implosions have provided an increased understanding of the importance of stability and uniformity. The evolution of cryogenic implosion capabilities, leading to an extensive series carried out on the 60-beam OMEGA laser [Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)], is reviewed together with major advances in cryogenic target formation. A polar-drive concept has been developed that will enable direct-drive–ignition experiments to be performed on the National Ignition Facility [Haynam et al., Appl. Opt. 46(16), 3276 (2007)]. The advantages offered by the alternative approaches of fast ignition and shock ignition and the issues associated with these concepts are described. The lessons learned from target-physics and implosion experiments are taken into account in ignition and high-gain target designs for laser wavelengths of 1/3 μm and 1/4 μm. Substantial advances in direct-drive inertial fusion reactor concepts are reviewed. Overall, the progress in scientific understanding over the past five decades has been enormous, to the point that inertial fusion energy using direct drive shows significant promise as a future environmentally attractive energy source.

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Versatile Synthesis of Nanofoams through Femtosecond Pulsed Laser Deposition

Orecchia,

Maffini,

Zavelani‐Rossi

et al. 2024

Small Structures

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Nanofoam materials are gaining increasing interest in the scientific community, thanks to their unique properties such as ultralow density, complex nano‐ and microstructure, and high surface area. Nanofoams are attractive for multiple applications, ranging from advanced catalysis and energy storage to nuclear fusion and particle acceleration. The main issues hindering the widespread use of nanofoams are related to the choice of synthesis technique, highly dependent on the desired elemental composition and leading to a limited control over the main material properties. Herein, femtosecond pulsed laser deposition is proposed as a universal tool for the synthesis of nanofoams with tailored characteristics. Nanofoams made by elements with significantly different properties—namely, boron, silicon, copper, tungsten, and gold—can be produced by suitably tuning the deposition parameters. The effect of the background pressure is studied in detail, in relation to the morphological features and density of the resulting nanofoams and nanostructured films. This, together with the analysis of the specific features shown by nanofoams made of different elements, offers fresh insights into the aggregation process and its relation to the corresponding nanofoam properties down to the nanoscale, opening new perspectives toward the application of nanofoam‐based materials.

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Laser Smoothing and Imprint Reduction with a Foam Layer in the Multikilojoule Regime

Cited by 79 publications

References 28 publications

Laser-supported ionization wave in under-dense gases and foams

Laser-supported ionization wave in under-dense gases and foams

Direct-drive inertial confinement fusion: A review

Versatile Synthesis of Nanofoams through Femtosecond Pulsed Laser Deposition

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