Lasing of Cesium four-level active optical clock

Xu, Zhichao; Zhuang, Wei; Wang, Yanfei; Wang, Dongying; Zhang, Xiaogang; Xue, Xiaobo; Pan, Duo; Chen, Jingbiao

doi:10.1109/eftf-ifc.2013.6702254

Cited by 12 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The bad-cavity collective emission scheme with free-perturbation clock transition as laser medium, is proposed as active optical clock [17,18,19,20,21,23,22,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47]. Population inverted atoms are prepared in a cavity with much wider cavity mode linewidth than clock transition gain bandwidth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lasing and suppressed cavity-pulling effect of Cesium active optical clock

Xu,

Zhuang,

Chen

2014

Preprint

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We experimentally demonstrate the collective emission behavior and suppressed cavity-pulling effect of four-level active optical clock with Cesium atoms. Thermal Cesium atoms in a glass cell velocity selective pumped with a 455.5 nm laser operating at 6S 1/2 to 7P 3/2 transition are used as lasing medium. Population inverted Cesium atoms between 7S 1/2 and 6P 3/2 levels are optical weakly coupled by a pair cavity mirrors working at deep bad-cavity regime with a finesse of 4.3, and the ratio between cavity bandwidth and gain bandwidth is approximately 45. With increased 455.5 nm pumping laser intensity, the output power of cesium active optical clock at 1469.9 nm from 7S 1/2 level to 6P 3/2 level shows a threshold and reach a power of 13 µW. Active optical clock would dramatically improve the optical clock stability since the lasing frequency does not follow the cavity length variation exactly, but in a form of suppressed cavity pulling effect. In this letter the cavity pulling effect is measured using a Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) to be reduced by a factor of 38.2 and 41.4 as the detuning between the 1469.9 nm cavity length of the Cs active optical clock and the Cs 1469.9 nm transition is set to be 140.8 MHz and 281.6 MHz respectively. The mechanism demonstrated here is of great significance for new generation optical clocks and can be applied to improve the stability of best optical clocks by at least two orders of magnitude.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lasing and suppressed cavity-pulling effect of Cesium active optical clock

Xu,

Zhuang,

Chen

2014

Preprint

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“…Several atomic species have been proposed [13,14,25,26] and stimulated emission of cesium four-level active optical frequency standards have been realized [28][29][30][31]. The relevant cesium atomic energy levels are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Four-level Active Optical Frequency Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have also studied the influence of the pumping laser on the cesium four-level active optical frequency standards [28][29][30][31], including saturation effect of pumping laser and hyperfine structure effect. In Fig.…”

Section: Four-level Active Optical Frequency Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, the lasing action, cavity pulling suppression, and the output linewidth of Cs four-level active optical frequency standards have been investigated experimentally [28][29][30][31]. For alkali atoms like Cs, Rb and K, the available diode lasers and mature techniques of laser cooling and trapping will be very helpful in the research of active optical frequency standards based on alkali atoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 1469.9 nm output light power of Cs four-level active optical frequency standards when scanning 455 nm pumping laser frequency[28][29][30][31].…”

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Ten years of active optical frequency standards

Pan

Zhuang

Xue

et al. 2015

2015 Joint Conference of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium &Amp; The European Frequency and Time Forum

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The concept of active optical clock was proposed ten years ago. In this paper, after a simple review, we will mainly present the most recent experimental progresses of active optical frequency standards in Peking University, including 4-level Cesium active optical frequency standards and active Faraday optical frequency standards.Keywords-Active optical clocks; bad-cavity laser; 4-level active optical frequency standards; active Faraday optical frequency standards.

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The development of active optical clock

et al. 2023

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The atomic clocks, whether operating at optical or microwave region, can be divided into two categories according to their working mode, namely the passive clocks and active clocks. The passive clocks, whose standard frequency is locked to an ultra-narrow atomic spectral line, such as laser cooled Cs beam or lattice trapped Sr atoms, depend on the spontaneous emission line. On the contrary, the active clocks, in which the atoms are used as the gain medium, are based on the stimulated emission radiation, their spectrum can be directly used as the frequency standard. Up to now, the active hydrogen maser has been the most stable microwave atomic clocks. Also, the Sr superradiant active atomic clock is prospects for a millihertz-linewidth laser. Moreover, the optical clocks are expected to surpass the performance of microwave clocks both in stability and uncertainty, since their higher working frequency. The active optical clock has the potential to improve the stability of the best clocks by 2 orders of magnitude. In this work, we introduce the development of active optical clocks, and their types is classified according to the energy-level structure of atoms for stimulated radiation.

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Lasing of Cesium four-level active optical clock

Cited by 12 publications

References 14 publications

Lasing and suppressed cavity-pulling effect of Cesium active optical clock

Lasing and suppressed cavity-pulling effect of Cesium active optical clock

Ten years of active optical frequency standards

The development of active optical clock

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