Late and postglacial vegetational and paleoclimatic changes in subantarctic, temperate, and arid environments in Argentina

Markgraf, Vera

doi:10.1080/01916122.1983.9989252

Cited by 225 publications

(210 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…La interpretación paleoclimática de los registros de polen está basada en el supuesto de que las unidades de vegetación son expresión de los parámetros climáticos (Markgraf 1983). En Tierra del Fuego, el marcado gradiente de precipitación SW-NE determina las unidades de bosque y de estepa como así también las zonas transicionales.…”

Section: Discusionunclassified

“…se extiende desde el sur hasta el centro de la isla, donde las precipitaciones anuales son de 650 a 450 mm. La precipitación disminuye hacia el norte y aparece la estepa graminosa de Festuca gracillima Hooker f.. El establecimiento del bosque en la isla no fue sincrónico en las distintas latitudes; esto ha sido demostrado por trabajos paleoambientales previos (Markgraf, 1980a(Markgraf, , b, 1983(Markgraf, , 1990Rabassa et al, 1989;Heusser, 1993Heusser, , 1994Heusser, , 2003Burry et al, 2003) que revelan que durante el Holoceno temprano el bosque se estableció a lo largo de la costa del Canal de Beagle y posteriormente, se extendió hacia el centro, siguiendo la dirección SW-NE del gradiente de precipitación.…”

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“…Alrededor de 7000 años AP, la zona del Canal de Beagle en la pendiente pacífica de los Andes fueguinos, tenía un tipo de vegetación de bosque abierto (Rabassa et al, 1989), y hacia el norte, en Paso Garibaldi (54°43'S, 67°50'W) (Markgraf, 1990), Lago Fagnano (54°34'S, 67°37'W) (Heusser, 1994) y Lago Yehuin (54°20'S, 67°45'W) (Markgraf, 1983), en la pendiente atlántica se iniciaba la expansión del bosque abierto con menor humedad y mayor temperatura que en la actualidad. Cerca de esa fecha, en Onamonte (53°54'S, 68°57'W) (Heusser, 1993) había estepa, y en la costa atlántica, en La Misión (53°30'S, 67°50'W) (Markgraf, 1980a(Markgraf, , b, 1983, hoy con una estepa graminosa, se detectó una transición bosque-estepa.…”

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“…Cerca de esa fecha, en Onamonte (53°54'S, 68°57'W) (Heusser, 1993) había estepa, y en la costa atlántica, en La Misión (53°30'S, 67°50'W) (Markgraf, 1980a(Markgraf, , b, 1983, hoy con una estepa graminosa, se detectó una transición bosque-estepa.…”

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“…En Cabo San Pablo (54°18'S, 66°45'W), sobre la costa atlántica, los conjuntos polínicos de turberas muestran un límite bosque-estepa más o menos estático (Heusser, 2003). En La Misión, al N de Cabo San Pablo también sobre la costa, el límite bosque-estepa se mantuvo hasta el pasado reciente; la proporción de polen de Nothofagus decayó bruscamente y aumentó la de Poaceae, para dar paso al paisaje de estepa que existe actualmente (Markgraf, 1983).…”

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Plant Palaeocommunities of Central Tierra del Fuego during the Early and Late Holocene

Burry¹,

Mandri²,

D’Antoni³

2006

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Plant Palaeocommunities of Central Tierra del Fuego during the Early and Late Holocene.This study presents new data for the history of vegetation of central Tierra del Fuego. The goal is to identify the vegetation types before and after the middle Holocene, having in mind previous studies proposing a forest expansion started in early Holocene times following a SW-NE precipitation gradient. Two segments of a Sphagnum peat bog profile (R-2: 54°32'S, 67°04'W), now surrounded by the Nothofagus pumilio (Poepp et Endl.) deciduous forest, were analyzed. The following results were obtained through the modern analogs method: steppe and woodland were found in the older segment and open and closed forest in the younger segment. We concluded that an asynchronous establishment of the involved plant communities occurred. In fact, ca. 7000 years BP, while in other sites of the central island forests were already established, in R-2, located eastwards from those sites, the steppe-woodland ecotone dominated. On the other hand, from ca. 2000 years AP to modern times both open and closed forests covered the central area. The humidity carried by the Southern Westerlies could have influenced the late development of Nothofagus. This study represents an advancement in the knowledge of the vegetation history, and provides new data about the asynchrony in the establishment of communities.

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Section: Discusionunclassified

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Plant Palaeocommunities of Central Tierra del Fuego during the Early and Late Holocene

Burry¹,

Mandri²,

D’Antoni³

2006

MACN

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Vegetation and climate near Lago Llanquihue in the Chilean Lake District between 20200 and 950014C yr BP

Moreno

1997

J. Quaternary Sci.

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Radiocarbon‐dated pollen records of two adjacent sediment cores from Canal de la Puntilla (40°57′09″S, 72°54′18″W) in the Chilean Lake District reveal that a sparsely vegetated landscape prevailed during the portion of the Last Glacial Maximum between 20200 and about 14800 14C yr BP. Dominating the vegetation was Nothofagus, Gramineae and Compositae, along with taxa commonly found today above the Andean treeline (Perezia‐type, Valeriana) and in Magellanic Moorlands (Donatia, Astelia). Nothofagus expanded between 20200 and 15800 14C yr BP, interrupted by a reversal at 19200 14C yr BP and followed by a prominent increase in Gramineae pollen between 15800 and about 14800 14C yr BP. A major increase in Nothofagus started at about 14800 14C yr BP, followed by an abrupt expansion of thermophilous Valdivian/North Patagonian Rain Forest taxa (Myrtaceae, Lomatia/Gevuina, Hydrangea, etc.) at about 14000 14C yr BP. An opening of the rain forest and an expansion of Podocarpus nubigena, Misodendrum, and Maytenus disticha‐type subsequently occurred between 11000 and 10000 14C yr BP. These results suggest that mean annual temperature was 6–7°C colder than at present, with twice the modern annual precipitation between 20200 and 14000 14C yr BP, implying a northward shift and intensification of the westerlies storm‐tracks. Slight climate warming occurred between 20200 and 15800 14C yr BP, featuring cooling reversals at 19200 14C yr BP, and later at 15800 14C yr BP. The warming of the last termination started at about 14800 14C yr BP, and reached a total temperature rise of ≥5°C by 12400 14C yr BP, followed by cooling between 11000 and 10000 14C yr BP. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Deglacial palaeoclimate at Puerto del Hambre, subantarctic Patagonia, Chile

Heusser¹,

Heusser

Lowell

et al. 2000

J. Quaternary Sci.

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Late and postglacial vegetational and paleoclimatic changes in subantarctic, temperate, and arid environments in Argentina

Cited by 225 publications

References 18 publications

Plant Palaeocommunities of Central Tierra del Fuego during the Early and Late Holocene

Plant Palaeocommunities of Central Tierra del Fuego during the Early and Late Holocene

Vegetation and climate near Lago Llanquihue in the Chilean Lake District between 20200 and 950014C yr BP

Deglacial palaeoclimate at Puerto del Hambre, subantarctic Patagonia, Chile

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