Late mortality and levamisole adjuvant therapy in colorectal cancer

Chlebowski, RT; Lillington, Linda; Nystrom, J. Scott; Sayre, J.K.

doi:10.1038/bjc.1994.214

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In this context, levamisole, when used alone, proved to be of limited efficacy (e.g., Toivanen et al 1981;Treurniet-Donker et al 1987;Arnaud et al 1989;Barth and Morton 1995;Moertel et al 1995) and has even been reported to be worse than placebo (e.g., Chlebowski et al 1994). On the other hand, quite favorable outcomes have been reported when levamisole was combined with 5-fluorouracil in colon carcinoma treatment (e.g., Moertel et al 1995).…”

Section: Side Effects Of Tetramisole and Levamisole Therapiesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Tetramisole and Levamisole Suppress Neuronal Activity Independently from Their Inhibitory Action on Tissue Non-specific Alkaline Phosphatase in Mouse Cortex

Nowak

Rosay

Czégé

et al. 2015

Subcellular Biochemistry

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Tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) may be involved in the synthesis of GABA and adenosine, which are the main inhibitory neurotransmitters in cortex. We explored this putative TNAP function through electrophysiological recording (local field potential ) in slices of mouse somatosensory cortex maintained in vitro. We used tetramisole, a well documented TNAP inhibitor, to block TNAP activity. We expected that inhibiting TNAP with tetramisole would lead to an increase of neuronal response amplitude, owing to a diminished availability of GABA and/or adenosine. Instead, we found that tetramisole reduced neuronal response amplitude in a dose-dependent manner. Tetramisole also decreased axonal conduction velocity. Levamisole had identical effects. Several control experiments demonstrated that these actions of tetramisole were independent from this compound acting on TNAP. In particular, tetramisole effects were not stereo-specific and they were not mimicked by another inhibitor of TNAP, MLS-0038949. The decrease of axonal conduction velocity and preliminary intracellular data suggest that tetramisole blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels. Our results imply that levamisole or tetramisole should not be used with the sole purpose of inhibiting TNAP in living excitable cells as it will also block all processes that are activity-dependent. Our data and a review of the literature indicate that tetramisole may have at least four different targets in the nervous system. We discuss these results with respect to the neurological side effects that were observed when levamisole and tetramisole were used for medical purposes, and that may recur nowadays due to the recent use of levamisole and tetramisole as cocaine adulterants.

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Section: Side Effects Of Tetramisole and Levamisole Therapiesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Tetramisole and Levamisole Suppress Neuronal Activity Independently from Their Inhibitory Action on Tissue Non-specific Alkaline Phosphatase in Mouse Cortex

Nowak

Rosay

Czégé

et al. 2015

Subcellular Biochemistry

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“…4 Its use in treatment of colon cancer came under scrutiny when long-term deaths were associated with its use when compared with placebo. 5 One of the serious side effects of levamisole is the development of agranulocytosis in up to 13% of cases. 6 The other serious complication is the development of anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) causing necrotizing vasculitis resulting in full-thickness tissue loss.…”

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confidence: 99%

Drug Abuse Continues to Inflict Its Harm “Skin Deep”

Lentz

2012

Journal of Burn Care & Research

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“…To the disappointment of the clinicians and investigators, most of these trials have not shown any significant effect of adjuvant therapy. The improvement of 5-year survival rate is typically less than 10% (i. e., a reduction in risk of less than 30 The aim of the present review is to introduce the recent methodology of meta-analysis, and to summarize the results of randomized Japanese trials on adjuvant therapy for colorectal and gastric cancer. An example of a successful randomized trial using suggestive data obtained from meta-analysis of previous trials is also introduced, to demonstrate the practical utilization of meta-analysis in the clinical investigation of cancer therapy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%