Late Oligocene leaf and pollen flora of Southwestern Siberia: taxonomy, biogeography and palaeoenvironments

Denk, Thomas; Bouchal, Johannes M.; Smirnov, Pavel; Trubin, Yaroslav

doi:10.1080/08912963.2020.1839064

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…prisca Kazakhstan early Oligocene Zhilin (1989) Betula sp. Southwestern Siberia, Russia Late Oligocene Denk et al. (2020) B. dissecta Liaoning, China Oligocene Jin and Shang (1998) B. fushunensis Liaoning, China Oligocene Jin and Shang (1998) Betula sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Megafossils of Betulaceae from the Oligocene of Qaidam Basin and their paleoenvironmental and phytogeographic implications

Yang¹,

Cai²,

Dai³

et al. 2024

Plant Diversity

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Megafossils of Betulaceae from the Oligocene of Qaidam Basin and their paleoenvironmental and phytogeographic implications

Yang¹,

Cai²,

Dai³

et al. 2024

Plant Diversity

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“…Kryshtofovich et al , 1956 ; Yakubovskaya, 1957 ; Kornilova, 1960 ; Rajushkina, 1979 ; Takhtajan, 1982 ). From late Oligocene strata of south-western Siberia, Denk et al (2021 b ) reported dispersed pollen and leaves [ Quercus cf. kubinyii (Kováts in Ettingsh.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The subsequent biogeographical histories of the two lineages reflect this change. Members of section Cerris moved westwards as a northern lineage, part of a more or less temperate forest biome dominated by deciduous tree species during the Oligocene ( Kryshtofovich et al , 1956 ; Popova et al , 2013 ; Pavlyutkin et al , 2014 ; Scotese et al , 2014 ; Willis and McElwain, 2014 ; Averyanova et al , 2021 ; Denk et al , 2021 b ). Extensive lowlands in large parts of Siberia and northern Kazakhstan provided nutrient-rich substrates dominated by deciduous woody plants (‘warm temperate biome’ in the paper by Willis and McElwain, 2014 ; ‘warm [temperate]’ climate zone in the paper by Scotese et al , 2014 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Niche evolution in a northern temperate tree lineage: biogeographical legacies in cork oaks (Quercus section Cerris)

Denk

Grimm²,

Hipp

et al. 2023

Annals of Botany

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Background and Aims Cork oaks (Quercus sect. Cerris) comprise 15 extant species in Eurasia. Despite being a small clade, they display a range of leaf morphologies comparable to the largest sections (>100 spp.) in Quercus. Their fossil record extends back to the Eocene. Here, we explore how cork oaks achieved their modern ranges and how legacy effects may explain niche evolution in modern species of section Cerris and its sister section Ilex, the holly oaks. Methods We inferred a dated phylogeny for cork and holly oaks using a reduced-representation next-generation sequencing method, restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) and used D-statistics to investigate gene flow hypotheses. We estimated divergence times using a fossilized birth-death (FBD) model calibrated with 47 fossils. We used Köppen profiles, selected bioclimatic parameters, and forest biomes occupied by modern species to infer ancestral climatic and biotic niches. Key Results East Asian and Western Eurasian cork oaks diverged initially in the Eocene. Subsequently, four Western Eurasian lineages (subsections) differentiated during the Oligocene and Miocene. Evolution of leaf size, form, and texture partly correlates with multiple transitions from ancestral humid temperate climates to Mediterranean, arid, and continental climates. Distantly related but ecologically similar species converged on similar leaf traits in the process. Conclusions Originating in temperate (frost-free) biomes, Eocene to Oligocene ranges of the primarily deciduous cork oaks were restricted to higher latitudes (Siberia to north of Paratethys). Members of the evergreen holly oaks (sect. Ilex) also originated in temperate biomes but migrated south- and south-westwards into then-(sub)tropical southern China and south-eastern Tibet during the Eocene, then westwards along existing pre-Himalayan mountain ranges. Divergent biogeographic histories and deep-time phylogenetic legacies—in cold and drought tolerance, nutrient storage, and fire resistance—thus account for the modern species mosaic of Western Eurasian oak communities, which comprise oaks belonging to four sections.

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“…During the Eocene (and early Oligocene), the section has a fossil record of dispersed pollen and staminate flowers with in situ pollen in eastern and western North America, Greenland, and Northern Europe (see e.g., Prader et al, 2020; Sadowski et al, 2020). During the late Oligocene, Protobalanus oaks reached western Siberia (Denk et al, 2020). The biogeographic history of these two groups with comparable modern ecologies demonstrates that they have little in common during their Cenozoic histories.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Fagaceous pollen taxa from the Miocene Søby flora of Denmark and their biogeographic implications

Denk

Bouchal

2021

American J of Botany

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The Fagaceae comprise around 1000 tree species in the Northern Hemisphere. Despite an extensive fossil pollen record, reconstructing biogeographic patterns is hampered because it is difficult to achieve good taxonomic resolution with light microscopy alone. We investigate dispersed pollen of Fagaceae from the Miocene Søby flora, Denmark. We explore the latitudinal gradient in Fagaceae distribution during the Miocene Climatic Optimum (MCO) in Europe and the Northern Hemisphere to compare it with the Eocene Warmhouse and the present. Methods: We investigated dispersed pollen using light and scanning electron microscopy. We assessed biogeographic patterns in Fagaceae during two warm periods in Earth history (MCO, Eocene) and the present. Results: Eight species of Fagaceae were recognized in the Søby flora. Of these, Fagus had a continuous Mediterranean to subarctic distribution during MCO; Quercus sect. Cerris and castaneoids had northern limits in Denmark, and evergreen Quercus sect. Ilex in Central Europe. In a northern hemispheric context, Fagus and sections of Quercus had more northerly distribution limits during Eocene and MCO with maximum northward extensions during Eocene (Fagus, castaneoids) or Oligo-Miocene (Quercus sects. Cerris and Ilex). The known distribution of the extinct Tricolporopollenites theacoides during MCO included Central Europe and East China, while this taxon thrived in South China during Eocene. Conclusions: More northerly distributions during MCO and Eocene probably were determined by temperature. In contrast, fossil occurrences in areas that are arid or semi-humid today were determined by maritime conditions in these areas (western North America, Central Asia) during the Cenozoic.

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Late Oligocene leaf and pollen flora of Southwestern Siberia: taxonomy, biogeography and palaeoenvironments

Cited by 8 publications

References 54 publications

Megafossils of Betulaceae from the Oligocene of Qaidam Basin and their paleoenvironmental and phytogeographic implications

Megafossils of Betulaceae from the Oligocene of Qaidam Basin and their paleoenvironmental and phytogeographic implications

Niche evolution in a northern temperate tree lineage: biogeographical legacies in cork oaks (Quercus section Cerris)

New Fagaceous pollen taxa from the Miocene Søby flora of Denmark and their biogeographic implications

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