Latent Benefits and Toxicity Risks Transmission Chain of High Dietary Copper along the Livestock–Environment–Plant–Human Health Axis and Microbial Homeostasis: A Review

Abstract

The extensive use of high-concentration copper (Cu) in feed additives, fertilizers, pesticides, and nanoparticles (NPs) inevitably causes significant pollution in the ecological environment. This type of chain pollution begins with animal husbandry: first, Cu accumulation in animals poisons them; second, high Cu enters the soil and water sources with the feces and urine to cause toxicity, which may further lead to crop and plant pollution; third, this process ultimately endangers human health through consumption of livestock products, aquatic foods, plants, and even drinking water. High Cu potentially alters the antibiotic resistance of soil and water sources and further aggravates human disease risks. Thus, it is necessary to formulate reasonable Cu emission regulations because the benefits of Cu for livestock and plants cannot be ignored. The present review evaluates the potential hazards and benefits of high Cu in livestock, the environment, the plant industry, and human health. We also discuss aspects related to bacterial and fungal resistance and homeostasis and perspectives on the application of Cu−NPs and microbial high-Cu removal technology to reduce the spread of toxicity risks to humans.

Fungi That Promote Plant Growth in the Rhizosphere Boost Crop Growth

“…As much as these chemicals are effective in carrying out their primary assignment of eradicating unwanted organisms, they also pose a threat to crop plants, man, animals, and the environment they are applied to, thereby causing various hazards and depriving healthy conditions because of the toxic accumulation in the tissue of crops, man, and animals feeding on them [ 173 ]. For this reason, scientists have diverged to creating affordable and ecofriendly means of controlling phytopathogens and various plant diseases.…”

Unveiling the Alchemical Nexus: Exploring the Profound Interplay between Terrace Gardening, Indoor Gardening, and Human Biochemistry

“…Indoor Plant Phytochemicals: Many indoor plants contain phytochemicals, which are biologically active compounds that have potential health benefits for humans. These phytochemicals include polyphenols, flavonoids, and other antioxidants that have been associated with various health-promoting effects, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties (Chen et al, 2022). When humans interact with indoor plants, they may come into contact with these phytochemicals, which can have positive effects on their health.…”

A Novel Fluorescent Chemodosimeter for Discriminative Detection of Cu2+ in Environmental, Food, and Biological Samples

“…14−16 On the other hand, the abnormal concentration of Cu 2+ will lead to the poisoning of agricultural products, so it is necessary to keep the content of Cu 2+ in agricultural products appropriate. 2 The wide application of copper leads to the entry of a large number of Cu 2+ into the soil and water environment, which makes Cu 2+ in crops and aquatic products accumulate continuously; finally, Cu 2+ enters the human body through the food chain (web), causing irreversible harm to the human body. 17,18 Therefore, the detection of Cu 2+ in environmental, food, and biological samples is of great significance.…”

“…Copper ion (Cu 2+ ) is an important transition-metal ion that is essential for humans, animals, plants, and microorganisms. , As a catalytic cofactor of a variety of metal enzymes, Cu 2+ is involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes of organisms. − In the USA, the Food and Nutrition Board recommends that the dietary or nutritional reference intake of copper is 0.9 mg/day for adults . However, excessive copper will generate reactive oxygen species such as hydroxyl radicals through the Fenton reaction, which poses a threat to biological health .…”

“…With the development of industry and agriculture, copper is widely used in industrial and agricultural production. For example, as an essential metal element in plants, copper plays an active role in the photosynthetic process and respiratory electron transport chain. , The lack of copper in soil may cause a sharp decline in crop yield; inorganic copper compounds can be used as fertilizers, antimicrobials, and fungicides in the process of crop growth. − On the other hand, the abnormal concentration of Cu 2+ will lead to the poisoning of agricultural products, so it is necessary to keep the content of Cu 2+ in agricultural products appropriate . The wide application of copper leads to the entry of a large number of Cu 2+ into the soil and water environment, which makes Cu 2+ in crops and aquatic products accumulate continuously; finally, Cu 2+ enters the human body through the food chain (web), causing irreversible harm to the human body. , Therefore, the detection of Cu 2+ in environmental, food, and biological samples is of great significance.…”