Latent curing systems stabilized by reaction equilibrium in homogeneous mixtures of benzoxazine and amine

Wang, Jun; Xu, Ya Zhen; Fu, Ya Fei; Liu, Xiangdong

doi:10.1038/srep38584

Cited by 46 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Figure 2 shows the FT-IR spectra of PBZ-SA2 thermoset compared with pure PBZ and BZ monomer. The oxazine ring of BF showed three characteristic peaks at 934 cm −1 , 1026 cm −1 , and 1223 cm −1 , assigned to the ring symmetric and anti-symmetric stretching of the C-O-C bond 29 – 31 . However, the three peaks in PBZ were almost disappeared completely, and characteristic peaks assigned to tetra-substituted benzene (1450–1480 cm −1 ) increased 32 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermally assisted self-healing behavior of anhydride modified polybenzoxazines based on transesterification

Huang

Zhang

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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A self-healing polybenzoxazine is synthesized solely based on dynamic ester bonds. For this purpose, an anhydride (succinic anhydride) was added into bisphenol F derived benzoxazine monomer before thermocuring. Owing to the transesterification of newly formed ester bonds, the thermoset network behaves as a thermoplastic at 140 °C in the presence of Zn (Ac)2, and shows self-healing properties even after multiple damage-healing cycles. Furthermore, kinetics study indicates that the transesterification is a first-order reaction and the activation energy is about 135.4 kJ/mol. This study proposes a facile and economical way to prepare self-healing polybenzoxazine. It has promising applications in coating, adhesive, and other smart materials that rely on structurally dynamic polymers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermally assisted self-healing behavior of anhydride modified polybenzoxazines based on transesterification

Huang

Zhang

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“…Benzoxazine resin is a novel kind of high performance thermosetting resin [9][10][11]. Due to high glass transition, nearly zero volume shrinkage and no volatile release during the curing processes, good flame resistance and good thermal stability, their fiber reinforced composite laminates were intensively studied and widely used [12][13][14][15]. As previous researches [16] indicated that the ring-formation reaction of the nitrile groups can be catalyzed by hydroxyl groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copolymerization of phthalonitrile-based resin containing benzoxazine and cyanate ester: Curing behaviors, fiber-reinforced composite laminates and improved properties

Chen¹,

Ren²,

Chen³

et al. 2019

Express Polym. Lett.

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Curing behaviors and copolymerization mechanisms between phthalonitrile-based resin containing benzoxazine (A-ph) and cyanate ester (CE) were characterized and discussed. Results indicated that copolymerization between A-ph and CE were comprised of ring-opening polymerization of oxazine rings and ring-forming polymerization of cyanate and nitrile groups. From them, ring-opening of oxazine occurred preferentially, followed by ring-forming of cyanate and nitrile groups, which were promoted by active hydrogen and amine structures generated from ring-opening of oxazine. Moreover, with increasing the content of CE (≥40 wt%), self-polymerization of cyanate would dominate the components of the resulting composites and reduces the thermal stability of fiber-reinforced composite laminates. Additionally, mechanical properties of composite laminates were also affected by the content of CE. Composite laminates with 10 wt% CE showed the highest flexural strength (622 MPa). The improved mechanical properties were also verified with investigation of dynamic thermomechanical analysis and morphology of fracture surfaces. These findings are helpful to improve the thermosetting resins in terms of their chemical structure, material properties, and processability.

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“…There is considerable interest in the development of latent polymerization initiators that are inert in monomers or prepolymers under storage conditions. Latent thermal initiators must retain high activity under targeted temperatures while maintaining stability under storage conditions [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. We have previously reported that primary alkylamines intercalated with α-zirconium phosphate (α-ZrP) can serve as latent thermal initiators in the reaction of glycidyl phenyl ether (GPE) [11,12] and that intercalation compounds of 1,4-diazabicyclo [2,2,2]octane (DABCO), 1,8-diazabicyclo [5,4,0]undec-7-ene (DBU), imidazole (Im), 2-methylimidazole (2MIm), and 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (2E4MIm) with α-ZrP (α-ZrP•DABCO, α-ZrP•DBU, α-ZrP•Im, α-ZrP•2MIm, and α-ZrP•2E4MIm, respectively) show good performance as latent thermal initiators in the reaction of GPE with hexahydro-4-methylphthalic anhydride (MHHPA) [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Release Behavior of Benzimidazole-Intercalated α-Zirconium Phosphate as a Latent Thermal Initiator in the Reaction of Epoxy Resin

et al. 2019

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The intercalation compound of benzimidazole with α-zirconium phosphate (α-ZrP) was evaluated as a latent thermal initiator in the reaction of glycidyl phenyl ether (GPE) and hexahydro-4-methylphthalic anhydride (MHHPA). No reaction occurred at 60 °C after 1 h. Upon increasing the temperature to 140 °C, the conversion reached 97% after 1 h. The deintercalation ratio of Bim from the intercalation compound of benzimidazole with α-zirconium phosphate (α-ZrP·Bim) was measured in the reaction of the GPE-MHHPA system. The deintercalation ratio increased upon increasing the temperature, reaching 97% at 120 °C after 1 h. The storage stability at 25 °C and 40 °C in the reaction of GPE-MHHPA was tested and was found to be maintained for 14 days at 25 °C. The intercalation compound of α-ZrP·Bim can effectively serve as a latent thermal initiator in the reaction of GPE-MHHPA.

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Latent curing systems stabilized by reaction equilibrium in homogeneous mixtures of benzoxazine and amine

Cited by 46 publications

References 34 publications

Thermally assisted self-healing behavior of anhydride modified polybenzoxazines based on transesterification

Thermally assisted self-healing behavior of anhydride modified polybenzoxazines based on transesterification

Copolymerization of phthalonitrile-based resin containing benzoxazine and cyanate ester: Curing behaviors, fiber-reinforced composite laminates and improved properties

Release Behavior of Benzimidazole-Intercalated α-Zirconium Phosphate as a Latent Thermal Initiator in the Reaction of Epoxy Resin

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