Latest Early Pleistocene wolf-like canids from the Iberian Peninsula

Lucenti, Saverio Bartolini; Alba, David M.; Rook, Lorenzo; Moyà‐Solà, Salvador; Madurell‐Malapeira, Joan

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.02.023

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In the absence of the grey wolf, they were all still placed within Canis s. str. (see Bartolini Lucenti, Alba, Rook, Moyà‐Solà, & Madurell‐Malapeira, ). The position of C. chihliensis is less certain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeny of the Caninae (Carnivora): Combining morphology, behaviour, genes and fossils

et al. 2018

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Phylogenetic relationships among 36 Recent and 42 extinct species of the Caninae (Canidae) were analysed, based on 360 morphological, developmental, ecological, behavioural and cytogenetic characters and 24 mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Primary phylogenetic analyses were accompanied by experimental analyses based on various combinations of data partitions and taxon samples. Leptocyon was recovered as a paraphyletic stem lineage of the Caninae; monophyly/paraphyly of the fox‐like canids (Vulpini) remains uncertain; Urocyon and Metalopex form a clade, possibly sister to all non‐Leptocyon canids; Otocyon, Nyctereutes and Nurocyon form a clade; dog‐like canids (Canini) are monophyletic (with South American Cerdocyonina and Afro‐Holarctic Canina); all South American hypercarnivores (Canis gezi, Protocyon, Speothos, Theriodictis) form a clade, close to Chrysocyon and Dusicyon; Canis arnensis, C. ferox, C. thooides, C. lepophagus and Eucyon spp. are basal to the Canina; Lycaon is an isolated African hypercarnivore; Cuon and its relatives (Xenocyon, possibly also Canis antonii, C. falconeri and Cynotherium) form a clade close to Canis s. str.; C. edwardii–C. etruscus–C. mosbachensis–C. palmidens–C. variabilis and hypercarnivorous Canis armbrusteri–C. dirus clades belong to Canis s. str. As the highly homoplastic morphological characters connected to dietary biology are the prominent characters available for the key fossil species, we conclude that macroevolutionary and palaeoecological analyses of the extinct and extant Caninae were to some extent compromised by the phylogenies used.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeny of the Caninae (Carnivora): Combining morphology, behaviour, genes and fossils

et al. 2018

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“…In addition to the affinity with these fossil taxa, Canis from Dmanisi shares also affinities with the group of wolf-related canids (see Lindblad-Toh et al, 2005), e.g., the caudorostrally divergent tympanic bullae; p3 alveolus at a lower level than p2-p4 (Figures 1-3). Indeed, the divergent walls of the bullae is shared by C. lupus, other wolf-related canids, and C. mosbachensis (see Bartolini Lucenti et al, 2017), as opposed to any other extinct species (Figures 1-3). Nevertheless, some other features of the sample from Dmanisi are more primitive, e.g., blunt or subrounded dorsal outline of the nuchal crest, reduced caudal elongation of the postorbital region; relatively developed crushing surface of the molars; and presence of an accessory cuspulid on p3.…”

Section: Taxonomic Attribution Of Canis From Dmanisi and Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The morphological and morphometrical similarity between the C. borjgali and C. mosbachensis supports the idea of close relationship between the two species. Some authors (Bartolini Lucenti et al, 2017;Jiangzuo et al, 2018) reinterpreted the idea of direct ancestry between C. mosbachensis and C. lupus, putting FIGURE 6 | QR code linking to the web app for Augmented Reality (AR) visualization of the 3D model of the skull D64. Instructions: Scan the QR code on the left; open the link; allow the browser to access the camera of your device; point the camera toward the marker (on the right); and wait for the model to load (up to 10 seconds).…”

Section: Taxonomic Attribution Of Canis From Dmanisi and Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Wolf From Dmanisi and Augmented Reality: Review, Implications, and Opportunities

et al. 2020

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In the complex scenario of Plio-Pleistocene mammalian faunal turnovers, recent research on canids has revealed an increasingly higher number of species than previously thought. In this framework, Georgia had a key role in the biogeographic dispersion of fauna from/to Asia, Africa, and Europe. Historically attributed to Canis etruscus, the rich Canis material recovered from Dmanisi possesses certain peculiar cranial and dentognathic features, which cannot be regarded only as intraspecific variability. We revealed closer similarities between the Dmanisi wolf and the younger European Canis mosbachensis, rather than with other Early Pleistocene canids as C. etruscus and Canis arnensis. The discovery of a Canis borjgali sp. nov. in Dmanisi, with characteristics close to those of C. mosbachensis, changes radically the idea of Canis lupus evolution as it is conveyed today, invalidating the paradigm C. etruscus-C. mosbachensis-C. lupus lineage. Furthermore, the geographic position of Dmanisi in the Caucasian area offers interesting insights regarding the Asian canids and their dispersion into Europe and Africa, an aspect still poorly investigated. The exquisite state of preservation of the fossil from Dmanisi combined with novel 3D visualization and a digital imaging technique gives us the opportunity to increase the outreach of the research thanks to user-friendly and free tools. Here, for the first time, we employed augmented reality on a few specimens of C. borjgali sp. nov. through a simple web app. The extraordinary chance offered by these technologies has yet to be implemented in scientific research and dissemination, particularly in paleontology.

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“…In particular, this method was used to solve taxonomic issues in zoology [ 34 – 37 ], botany [ 38 – 41 ], microbiology [ 42 ], as well as for identifying niche dynamics through the analysis of morphological or ecological traits [ 33 , 43 , 44 ]. In palaeontology, PCA was successfully employed to support population or taxon separations [ 6 , 45 , 46 ], to avoid taxon over-splitting [ 47 , 48 ], or to investigate biotic turnovers [ 17 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Principal component and discriminant analyses as powerful tools to support taxonomic identification and their use for functional and phylogenetic signal detection of isolated fossil shark teeth

Marramà

Kriwet

2017

PLoS ONE

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Identifying isolated teeth of fossil selachians only based on qualitative characters is sometimes hindered by similarity in their morphology, resulting often in heated taxonomic debates. On the other hand, the use of quantitative characters (i.e. measurements) has been often neglected or underestimated in characterization and identification of fossil teeth of selachians. Here we show that, employing a robust methodological protocol based on principal component and discriminant analyses on a sample of 175 isolated fossil teeth of lamniform sharks, the traditional morphometrics can be useful to support and complement the classic taxonomic identification made on qualitative features. Furthermore, we show that discriminant analysis can be successfully useful to assign indeterminate isolated shark teeth to a certain taxon. Finally, the degree of separation of the clusters might be used to predict functional and probably also phylogenetic signals in lamniform shark teeth. However, this needs to be tested in the future employing teeth of more extant and extinct lamniform sharks and it must be pointed out that this approach does not replace in any way the qualitative analysis, but it is intended to complement and support it.

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Latest Early Pleistocene wolf-like canids from the Iberian Peninsula

Cited by 29 publications

References 37 publications

Phylogeny of the Caninae (Carnivora): Combining morphology, behaviour, genes and fossils

Phylogeny of the Caninae (Carnivora): Combining morphology, behaviour, genes and fossils

The Wolf From Dmanisi and Augmented Reality: Review, Implications, and Opportunities

Principal component and discriminant analyses as powerful tools to support taxonomic identification and their use for functional and phylogenetic signal detection of isolated fossil shark teeth

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