Latest Effective Measures to Combat COVID-19: A Review

Abstract

More and more people realize that implementation of preventive measures is the only option left to counteract the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) before specific antiviral drugs are developed. Hence, a number of behavioral, clinical and state interventions have been conducted by dozens of countries to stop or slow down the spread of the virus in the early stages of the epidemic. At present, with the evolution of COVID-19 pandemic getting worse, synthesizing and implementing all measures available are of paramount importance. However, some measures are still being controversial. We aimed to assist policymakers in decision making for better pandemic preparedness. We reviewed the literature that reported accumulated scientific experience to date and summarized the epidemic prevention and control measures in three aspects: control the source of infection, cut off the routes of transmission and protect the susceptible population. First of all, some new approaches were introduced to control the source of infection, such as implementing contact-tracing apps, nucleic acid mixed detection, repeated testing and the establishment of some specialized laboratories. Second, we need to take various measures to cut off all possible routes of transmission, especially persistently pay close attention to checking cold chain foods. Third, due to no valid vaccine has yet been developed, some measures that can cut development time of more conventional vaccines should be implemented or considered. By synthesizing the scientific experience in fighting the COVID-19 epidemic, we suggested the latest effective measures should be carried out concurrently from three aspects, so as to avoid making grim situation even worse.

Epidemiology, Environmental Risks, Virulence, and Resistance Determinants of Klebsiella pneumoniae From Dairy Cows in Hubei, China

“…As the most important measures for disease prevention and control, finding the source of infection and cutting off the transmission route are to block the transmission of pathogens from infected animals/people to susceptible animals/people ( Chen et al, 2021 ). Genotyping technology is mainly used to understand the transmission route of pathogens and trace the source of infection.…”

Cold Chain Food and COVID-19 Transmission Risk: From the Perspective of Consumption and Trade

“…Some scholars believe that cold chain food is a potential and non-negligible transmission route in the occurrence and development of COVID-19 [ 31 , 32 ], but few studies on the risk of viral transmissions through the CCF trade [ 33 ]. Despite this, the scientific identification of global CCF COVID-19 transnational infection sources, and the risk of transmissions in the global CCF chain, is important for cutting off COVID-19 transmission through CCF and maintaining the security of the food supply chain [ 26 , 34 ]. Therefore, by applying the perspective of CCF consumption levels and the global CCF trade network (CCFTN), this study explores the risk level of COVID-19 transmission by CCF.…”

"Attitudes of Students, Teachers, and Parents Regarding Covid-19 Screening Tests Conducted in School"

“…The introduction of COVID-19 screening through rapid antigen tests has become a key mechanism to ensure continuity of learning process and school environment safety in the face of a relentless pandemic. The synthesized scientific experience shows that early screening by determining the source of infection is one of the most effective methods of prevention, laid down in the so-called 'Five-Early' COVID-19 Pandemic Combating Model [3][4][5] .…”

“…"The authors declare no conflict of interest regarding this article" "The authors declare that all the procedures and experiments of this study respect the ethical standards in the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008 (5), as well as the national law. Informed consent was obtained from all the patients included in the study"…”