“…The equatorial ionosphere is disturbed significantly during space weather events, including the solar flares and geomagnetic storms. When a solar flare erupts, the sudden enhancement in solar radiation increases the ionization in the E region and modifies the ionospheric electrodynamics (e.g., H. Liu et al, ; Nogueira et al, ; Xiong et al, ; Zhang, Liu, Le, & Chen, ). Solar flares often cause an impulsive increase in the dayside eastward EEJ (e.g., Manju et al, ; Rastogi et al, ; Xiong et al, ; Zhang, Liu, Le, & Chen, ) and also produce a westward increase under a counter electrojet condition (e.g., Rastogi et al, , ; Sripathi et al, ).…”