Lava-Sediment Interaction and Drainage-System Development In A Large Igneous Province: Columbia River Flood Basalt Province, Washington State, U.S.A

Ebinghaus, Alena; Hartley, Adrian J.; Jolley, David W.; Hole, Malcolm; Millett, John

doi:10.2110/jsr.2014.85

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(102 reference statements)

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“…Of key interest are the clear transitions between lavas and hyaloclastite packages and the identification of the significant hiatus-related interbed horizon. This hiatus therefore implies the possibility of inter-lava sediment accumulations at this time period elsewhere in the basin where accommodation space and sediment catchments were more favourable (Schofield & Jolley 2013;Ebinghaus et al 2014).…”

Section: Seismic Datamentioning

confidence: 90%

Frontier exploration and the North Atlantic Igneous Province: new insights from a 2.6 km offshore volcanic sequence in the NE Faroe–Shetland Basin

Millett

Hole

Jolley

et al. 2015

JGS

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The Lagavulin exploration well 217/15-1Z penetrated a ~2.6 km thick volcanic sequence dominated by extrusive basaltic rocks spanning the Palaeocene-Eocene boundary in the NE Faroe-Shetland Basin (FSB). The well comprises one of the thickest drilled sequences through the North Atlantic Igneous Province. Integrated analysis of drill cuttings and wireline-log data reveals key volcanic lithofacies: i) tabular lava flows; ii) compound lava flows; iii) hyaloclastite; and iv) volcaniclastic rocks. The volcanic facies reveal two major sub-aqueous to sub-aerial sequences consistent with lava delta progradation. These sequences are separated by a volcanic hiatus represented by extensive reddened soils which preceded the re-submergence of the area. Emergence followed by submergence of the first lava delta is interpreted to record an intra-T40 transient uplift event near the Palaeocene-Eocene boundary. Basalts from the lower ~1.3 km have low TiO 2 (<1.5 weight %) and low Zr/Y (2-3), with olivine-phyric picrites towards the base (Mg# 70-82; olivine Fo 85-91). The hiatus correlates precisely with a change to high TiO 2 (2.5-3.2 weight %) high Zr/Y (>4) compositions which dominate the upper sequence. The associated change in lava geochemistry, transient uplift and volcanic hiatus appears consistent with a transient pulse of hot buoyant plume material passing beneath the area.

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Section: Seismic Datamentioning

confidence: 90%

Frontier exploration and the North Atlantic Igneous Province: new insights from a 2.6 km offshore volcanic sequence in the NE Faroe–Shetland Basin

Millett

Hole

Jolley

et al. 2015

JGS

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“…These lava flows fill the accommodation space in the immediate hanging wall of the NW-Fault and smooth out the rift-floor topography (cf. Ebinghaus et al, 2014Ebinghaus et al, , 2020; Figures 11a and 12a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interactions of volcanism and clastic sedimentation in rift basins: Insights from the Palaeogene‐Neogene Shaleitian uplift and surrounding sub‐basins, Bohai Bay Basin, China

et al. 2022

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Although volcanism is an important process in the evolution of rift basins, current tectono‐sedimentary models largely neglect its impact on sediment supply, transport pathways, and depositional systems. In this paper, we integrate core, well logs, and 3D seismic data from the Palaeogene‐Neogene Shaleitian (SLT) uplift and surrounding sub‐basins, Bohai Bay Basin, China, to investigate the sedimentology and geomorphology of a volcanic rift basin. Results of this study show that the spatial distribution of extrusive centres was strongly controlled by basement‐involved intra‐basin normal faults. During the early part of the syn‐rift stage, the SLT uplift supplied sediments to transverse fan deltas and braided‐river deltas that fringed the adjacent syn‐rift depocentres. Volcanic deposits mainly occurred as relatively thin lava flow and pyroclastic facies that partially filled fault‐controlled topographic lows, reducing topographic rugosity, and enhanced breaching of basement highs between syn‐rift depocentres. Integration of drainage to the syn‐rift depocentres and development of through‐flowing axial depositional systems was enhanced. During the later part of syn‐rift and in early post‐rift stages, the SLT uplift was progressively inundated, reducing sediment supply to the fringing transverse depositional systems. In contrast, axial braided‐river deltas became the main depositional systems, sourced by large hinterland drainage from the Yanshan fold‐belt to the northwest. Volcanism in the late syn‐rift and early post‐rift occurs as thick lava flow and pyroclastic facies that infill rift topographic lows and locally blocked axial fluvial systems creating isolated lakes. Within hanging wall depocentres, volcanic topographic highs split and diverted axial fluvial and deltaic systems. Furthermore, volcanism supplied large volumes of volcanic sediment to the rift resulting in increased sedimentation rates, and the development of unstable subaerial and subaqueous slopes and deposits, increasing the occurrence of landslides. Based on the observations of this study we update tectono‐sedimentary models for rift basins to include volcanism.

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“…During the eruption and emplacement of continental flood basalts, pre-existing fluvial systems may be overwhelmed or diverted. During periods of volcanic quiescence, fluvial systems may become re-established if their catchments are located in areas that are not influenced by volcanism (Ebinghaus et al 2014). The distribution and development of intra-basaltic drainage systems during periods of quiescence are strongly influenced by the topography created by preceding lava flows (Reidel et al, 2013) in addition to the pre-existing topographic lows that were not filled by lavas (Schofield & Jolley, 2013;Ebinghaus et al, 2014).…”

Section: Controls On the Distribution Of Colsay Member Sequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controls on the distribution of volcanism and intra-basaltic sediments in the Cambo–Rosebank region, West of Shetland

Hardman

Schofield

Jolley

et al. 2018

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The magma-rich North Atlantic Margin is one of the last frontier areas of hydrocarbon exploration within the United Kingdom Continental Shelf. In 2004, a major oil and gas discovery (Rosebank) was made within Palaeocene to Eocene age lavas in the Faroe-Shetland Basin. The Rosebank field consists of intra-basaltic terrestrial to marginal marine reservoir sequences, separated by basaltic lava flows and volcaniclastics. Despite the identification of a major intra-lava incised drainage system running parallel to the SW-NE trending Rosebank Field, the controls on the distribution of both the volcanics and intravolcanic sediments was previously unclear, in part due to the difficulties that volcanic sequences pose to seismic acquisition, processing and interpretation. This has led to uncertainty in defining the wider intra-basaltic play. However, the examination of the recently acquired FSB2011/12 MultiClient GeoStreamer® Survey has facilitated increased definition of the geological units within and below the volcanic succession, and a reinterpretation of the Late Palaeocene to Early Eocene stratigraphy. Through integration of 3D seismic data and well analysis we present a regional overview of the volcanics and intra-basaltic sediments in the Rosebank region of the Faroe-Shetland Basin. We find that the structural setting of the Rosebank Field, in addition to lava flow morphology, strongly influences the distribution of the intra-basaltic play-fairway within the Palaeocene-Eocene Flett Formation. Restriction of fluvial siliciclastic sediments adjacent to the Corona Ridge extends the theorised Rosebank play fairway to the area southwest of the Rosebank Field. Our analysis indicates that understanding basin structure is integral to the success of intra-basaltic plays. Hydrocarbon exploration in the Faroe-Shetland Basin (FSB), located on the Atlantic Margin of the United Kingdom Continental Shelf (UKCS), has been ongoing for the last 40 years.

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Lava-Sediment Interaction and Drainage-System Development In A Large Igneous Province: Columbia River Flood Basalt Province, Washington State, U.S.A

Cited by 31 publications

References 71 publications

Frontier exploration and the North Atlantic Igneous Province: new insights from a 2.6 km offshore volcanic sequence in the NE Faroe–Shetland Basin

Frontier exploration and the North Atlantic Igneous Province: new insights from a 2.6 km offshore volcanic sequence in the NE Faroe–Shetland Basin

The interactions of volcanism and clastic sedimentation in rift basins: Insights from the Palaeogene‐Neogene Shaleitian uplift and surrounding sub‐basins, Bohai Bay Basin, China

Controls on the distribution of volcanism and intra-basaltic sediments in the Cambo–Rosebank region, West of Shetland

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