Lava – substrate interaction: Constraints on flow emplacement and basal sintering, Lebuj rhyolitic flow, Tokaj Mountains, Carpathian-Pannonian region

Szepesi, János; Vona, Alessandro; Kovàcs, István; Fintor, Krisztián; Molnár, Kinga; Scarani, Alex; Giordano, Guido; Lukács, Réka

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2023.107878

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 83 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…2 ). Furthermore, any model implying wholesale ascent of coherent magma within the dyke interior would require high shear stresses at the conduit wall, at the pLT contact, which would drive pLT deformation and further compaction 41 . The absence of such deformation thus supports the cryptic fragmentation model (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for the formation of silicic lava by pyroclast sintering

Foster,

Wadsworth,

Tuffen

et al. 2024

Nat Commun

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Silicic lavas can be produced by the sintering of pyroclasts in the volcanic sub-surface, and then advected out of the vent. Here, we provide evidence for this mechanism preserved in the exposed post-glacial remnants of a silicic volcanic conduit at Hrafntinnuhryggur, Krafla volcano, Iceland. We show that the conduit margins are a clast-supported pumice lapilli tuff deposit that grades continuously into dense obsidian and that the obsidian contains cuspate relict clast boundaries and country rock lithic fragments throughout. Transects of H2O concentrations across the conduit show that the magma was degassed to different degrees laterally with systematic spatial variation that is consistent with progressive conduit clogging and final gas pressurisation. Textures in the overlying effusive lavas record the variably sheared and brecciated remnant of the same in-conduit sintering. This record of a silicic conduit system connected to upper eruptive deposits provides support for the ‘cryptic fragmentation model’ for effusive silicic volcanism.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for the formation of silicic lava by pyroclast sintering

Foster,

Wadsworth,

Tuffen

et al. 2024

Nat Commun

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Volcanic tuff as a World Heritage Georesource, a Case Study of Tokaj Wine Region UNESCO Cultural Landscape

Szepesi,

Ésik,

Novák

et al. 2024

Geoheritage

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Volcanic tephra and pyroclastic rocks are common georesources worldwide. Volcanic eruptions produce these materials, and the freshly deposited volcaniclastic sediments undergo variable diagenesis and possible hydrothermal alteration. The rhyolitic pyroclastic rocks of the Carpathian Basin were formed as a result of major silicic volcanism during the Miocene and are exposed in several volcanic regions. The use of these stones depends on their physical properties, such as hardness, colour, and transportability, especially in masonry and ornamental design. The study site, the Tokaj Wine Region (TWR) Historic Cultural Landscape is a UNESCO site located in NE Hungary, which was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 2002. The silicic pyroclastic rocks, here we also referred to them as rhyolite tuffs, are significant geological resources in the UNESCO cultural heritage designation. The pyroclastic formations cover an area of about 100 km2 and were deposited by three major explosive eruptions (13.1–11.5 Ma). The local varieties are defined by primary volcanological features and secondary (diagenetic, hydrothermal) effects. The stone was extracted from more than 40 open pit quarries dating from the Middle Ages. The wine cellars and dry-built terrace walls are important cultural features of the volcanic tuff use. The geoconservation value of the rhyolite tuff is well illustrated by the exposed special geological features, which represent important sites of volcanic formations. However, only one site has been declared a nature conservation area. Several historic quarries are currently abandoned, and there are many problems due to the lack of their restoration. The most common problems are the instability of quarry walls, illegal dumping, pollution, and dense vegetation covering the geological values. The volcanic tuff has a great potential as a georesource (quarries, cellars, and terrace walls) adding value to World Heritage Site, but special efforts are needed to demonstrate its potential for geoconservation, geotourism, and geo-education.

show abstract

The Neogene–Quaternary volcanism of the Carpathian–Pannonian region: from initial plate tectonic models to quantitative petrogenetic explanations

Harangi,

Seghedi,

Lukács

2024

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A wide range of volcanic rocks formed in the Carpathian-Pannonian region during the last 20 Myr, closely associated with the tectonic evolution of the area: (1) high-SiO 2 rhyolites and rhyodacites; (2) calc-alkaline-type volcanic suites (basalt-andesite-dacite-rhyolite and adakitic rocks); (3) potassic-ultrapotassic volcanic rocks (shoshonites, latites, leucitites, lamproites); (4) alkali sodic volcanic rocks (basalts, trachyandesites and trachytes). During the 18.1-14.4 Ma silicic ignimbrite flare-up volcanism, explosive eruptions produced large volume of tephras, which covered extended areas of Europe. Calc-alkaline-type volcanism took place in syn-extensional and post-collisional settings. There is no classic volcanic arc in the CPR and therefore, the term “back-arc basin” should be used for the Pannonian Basin only in a structural geology sense. Alkali basalt volcanism occurred mostly in the peripheral areas of the Pannonian Basin primarily due to edge-driven convective upwelling of heterogeneous asthenospheric mantle. The youngest eruptions took place 100-30 ka ago, mostly in the geodynamically still active southeast Carpathians. After 50 years of intense research, there are still many open questions to be solved. Interdisciplinary understanding of the results of different disciplines is crucial to better constrain the evolution of this tectonically complex area, to reveal its geoenergy, and to assess potential natural hazards.

show abstract

Lava – substrate interaction: Constraints on flow emplacement and basal sintering, Lebuj rhyolitic flow, Tokaj Mountains, Carpathian-Pannonian region

Cited by 3 publications

References 83 publications

Evidence for the formation of silicic lava by pyroclast sintering

Evidence for the formation of silicic lava by pyroclast sintering

Volcanic tuff as a World Heritage Georesource, a Case Study of Tokaj Wine Region UNESCO Cultural Landscape

The Neogene–Quaternary volcanism of the Carpathian–Pannonian region: from initial plate tectonic models to quantitative petrogenetic explanations

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About