Layer by layer deposition of polyethylenimine and bio-based polyphosphate on ammonium polyphosphate: A novel hybrid for simultaneously improving the flame retardancy and toughness of polylactic acid

Jiang, Jing; Zhang, Yan; Tang, Xinlei; Zhou, Yang; Li, Xiaonan; Kandola, Baljinder K.; Fang, Zhengping

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2016.12.008

Cited by 68 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Meanwhile, as the content of AHP in the matrix increased, the tensile strength was affected, suggesting that a minimum balance ought to be maintained between FR loading and PLA to preserve its toughening properties. Similarly, a plant-derived diphenolic acid and inorganic core ammonium polyphosphate covered with organic shell via layer-by-layer assembly of polyelectrolyte and polyethyleneimine was investigated [44] (Figure 2a). This led to an enhancement in the FR properties and a significant improvement in the elongation at break of PLA composite, as indicated in Figure 2b.…”

Section: Current Trends In Flame-retardant Plamentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Flame Retardant Poly(Lactic Acid)

Tawiah

Fei

2018

Polymers

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PLA has become a commodity polymer with wide applications in a number of fields. However, its high flammability with the tendency to flow in fire has limited its viability as a perfect replacement for the petrochemically-engineered plastics. Traditional flame retardants, which may be incorporated into PLA without severely degrading the mechanical properties, are the organo-halogen compounds. Meanwhile, these compounds tend to bioaccumulate and pose a risk to flora and fauna due to their restricted use. Research into PLA flame retardants has largely focused on organic and inorganic compounds for the past few years. Meanwhile, the renewed interest in the development of environmentally sustainable flame retardants (FRs) for PLA has increased significantly in a bid to maintain the integrity of the polymer. A review on the development of new flame retardants for PLA is presented herein. The focus is on metal oxides, phosphorus-based systems, 2D and 1D nanomaterials, hyperbranched polymers, and their combinations, which have been applied for flame retarding PLA are discussed. The paper also reviews briefly the correlation between FR loadings and efficiency for various FR systems, and their effects on processing and mechanical properties.

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Section: Current Trends In Flame-retardant Plamentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Flame Retardant Poly(Lactic Acid)

Tawiah

Fei

2018

Polymers

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“…After 5 wt% A4‐d‐ZnO was added into PLA, the T g declined to 55.0°C, and two melting peaks appeared, which appeared at 144.4°C and 152.0°C. The lower temperature melting peak related to melting of less perfect PLA lamellar crystals, and the higher temperature related to melting of more perfect PLA lamellar crystals . Meanwhile, the degree of crystallinity decreased to 0.77%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 4 showed to melting of less perfect PLA lamellar crystals, and the higher temperature related to melting of more perfect PLA lamellar crystals. 40,41 Meanwhile, the degree of crystallinity decreased to 0.77%. The aforementioned results might be caused by the catalytic chain scission effect and the induced nucleation effect of A4-d-ZnO.…”

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 96%

Synthesis of a novel polyphosphazene/triazine bi‐group flame retardant in situ doping nano zinc oxide and its application in poly (lactic acid) resin

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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A novel polyphosphazene/triazine bi‐group flame retardant in situ doping nano ZnO (A4‐d‐ZnO) was synthesized and applied in poly (lactic acid) (PLA). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) were used to confirm the chemical structure of A4‐d‐ZnO. The thermal stability and the flame‐retardant properties of the PLA composites were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL‐94), and micro combustion calorimeter (MCC) test. The results of XPS showed that A4‐d‐ZnO has been synthesized, and the doping ratio of ZnO was 7.2% in flame‐retardant A4‐d‐ZnO. TGA results revealed that A4‐d‐ZnO had good char forming ability (40 wt% at 600°C). The results of LOI, vertical burning test, and MCC showed that PLA/5%A4‐d‐ZnO composite acquired a higher LOI value (24%), higher UL94 rating, and lower pk‐HRR (501 kW/m2) comparing with that of pure PLA. It indicated that a small amount of flame‐retardant A4‐d‐ZnO could achieve great flame‐retardant performance in PLA composites. The catalytic chain scission effect of A4‐d‐ZnO could make PLA composites drip with flame and go out during combustion, which was the reason for the good flame‐retardant property. Moreover, after the addition of A4‐d‐ZnO, the impaired mechanical properties of PLA composites are minimal enough.

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“…Indeed, the MoS 2 can promote the cyclization reaction between the triazine compounds, phosphorus‐based compounds and oligomeric phosphate generated by the degradation of MPP. Simultaneously, the incombustible gases released during the pyrolysis process would make the precursor of char residue expanded, and form into compact and stable intumescent char layer, which can impede the mass and heat transferring between the substrate and combustion front (as shown in reaction ) . The lower thermal conductivity of MoS 2 can delay the heat transferring rate from outer surface to inner surface.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of functionalized molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) with triazine derivatives on the thermal stability and flame retardancy of intumescent Poly(lactic acid) system

Tan

et al. 2018

Polymer Composites

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Molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) with two-dimensional (2D) lamellar structure was functionalized with melamine-cyanuric acid (MCA) hybrids via a facile way. A core-shell composite particle (MoMA) was obtained. Acting as one kind of synergistic flame retardant, it was mixed with traditional intumescent flame retardant (IFR) to prepare the flame retardant poly(lactic acid) composites by melt blending. UL-94 V-0 rating and LOI value of 29.8% for PLA composites were achieved while the total amount of flame retardants was 12 wt%, with the optimal weight ratio of IFR to MoMA 3:1. The inclusion of MoMA can enhance the amount of char residue and suppress the pyrolysis rate. The thermal degradation kinetic studies indicated that more pyrolysis conversion energy was needed. Finally, the investigation of char residue further confirmed that the addition of MoMA can improve the continuity and thermal stability of intumescent char layer and promote its graphitization degree. The condensed phase mechanism was mainly responsible for the improved flame retardant performance. This work suggests a novel strategy for improving flame retardant performance of PLA by combination of MoMA with IFR. The mechanical properties were studied as well.

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Layer by layer deposition of polyethylenimine and bio-based polyphosphate on ammonium polyphosphate: A novel hybrid for simultaneously improving the flame retardancy and toughness of polylactic acid

Cited by 68 publications

References 38 publications

Advances in Flame Retardant Poly(Lactic Acid)

Advances in Flame Retardant Poly(Lactic Acid)

Synthesis of a novel polyphosphazene/triazine bi‐group flame retardant in situ doping nano zinc oxide and its application in poly (lactic acid) resin

Influence of functionalized molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) with triazine derivatives on the thermal stability and flame retardancy of intumescent Poly(lactic acid) system

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Layer by layer deposition of polyethylenimine and bio-based polyphosphate on ammonium polyphosphate: A novel hybrid for simultaneously improving the flame retardancy and toughness of polylactic acid

Cited by 68 publications

References 38 publications

Advances in Flame Retardant Poly(Lactic Acid)

Advances in Flame Retardant Poly(Lactic Acid)

Synthesis of a novel polyphosphazene/triazine bi‐group flame retardant in situ doping nano zinc oxide and its application in poly (lactic acid) resin

Influence of functionalized molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) with triazine derivatives on the thermal stability and flame retardancy of intumescent Poly(lactic acid) system

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Influence of functionalized molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) with triazine derivatives on the thermal stability and flame retardancy of intumescent Poly(lactic acid) system