Layered immune system development in mice and humans

Dorshkind, Kenneth; Crooks, Gay M.

doi:10.1111/imr.13198

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 33 publications

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“…Naïve B cells also show lineage divergence depending on when the cells are seeded. Tissue resident B-1 cells can only be differentiated from fetal bone marrow or fetal liver; this contrasts with conventional B-2 cells, which are derived only from adult bone marrow [ 30 ].…”

Section: Immune Cell Development: Hematopoiesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental Programming of the Fetal Immune System by Maternal Western-Style Diet: Mechanisms and Implications for Disease Pathways in the Offspring

Nelson,

Friedman

2024

IJMS

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Maternal obesity and over/undernutrition can have a long-lasting impact on offspring health during critical periods in the first 1000 days of life. Children born to mothers with obesity have reduced immune responses to stimuli which increase susceptibility to infections. Recently, maternal western-style diets (WSDs), high in fat and simple sugars, have been associated with skewing neonatal immune cell development, and recent evidence suggests that dysregulation of innate immunity in early life has long-term consequences on metabolic diseases and behavioral disorders in later life. Several factors contribute to abnormal innate immune tolerance or trained immunity, including changes in gut microbiota, metabolites, and epigenetic modifications. Critical knowledge gaps remain regarding the mechanisms whereby these factors impact fetal and postnatal immune cell development, especially in precursor stem cells in bone marrow and fetal liver. Components of the maternal microbiota that are transferred from mothers consuming a WSD to their offspring are understudied and identifying cause and effect on neonatal innate and adaptive immune development needs to be refined. Tools including single-cell RNA-sequencing, epigenetic analysis, and spatial location of specific immune cells in liver and bone marrow are critical for understanding immune system programming. Considering the vital role immune function plays in offspring health, it will be important to understand how maternal diets can control developmental programming of innate and adaptive immunity.

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Section: Immune Cell Development: Hematopoiesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental Programming of the Fetal Immune System by Maternal Western-Style Diet: Mechanisms and Implications for Disease Pathways in the Offspring

Nelson,

Friedman

2024

IJMS

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Sepsis shapes the human γδ TCR repertoire in an age‐ and pathogen‐dependent manner

Giannoni,

Sanchez Sanchez,

Verdebout

et al. 2024

Eur J Immunol

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Sepsis affects 25 million children per year globally, leading to 2.9 million deaths and substantial disability in survivors. Extensive characterization of interactions between the host and bacteria in children is required to design novel preventive and therapeutic strategies tailored to this age group. Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are the first T cells generated in humans. These cells are defined by the expression of Vγ9Vδ2 T‐cell receptors (TCRs, using the TRGV9 and TRDV2 gene segments), which react strongly against the prototypical bacterial phosphoantigen HMBPP. We investigated this reactivity by analyzing the TCR δ (TRD) repertoire in the blood of 76 children (0–16 years) with blood culture‐proven bacterial sepsis caused by HMBPP‐positive Escherichia coli or by HMBPP‐negative Staphylococcus aureus or by HMBPP‐negative Streptococcus pneumoniae. Strikingly, we found that S. aureus, and to a lesser extent E. coli but not S. pneumoniae, shaped the TRDV2 repertoire in young children (<2 years) but not in older children or adults. This dichotomy was due to the selective expansion of a fetal TRDV2 repertoire. Thus, young children possess fetal‐derived Vγ9Vδ2 T cells that are highly responsive toward specific bacterial pathogens.

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Mapping Human Immunity and the Education of Waldeyer's Ring

Talks,

Mather,

Chahal

et al. 2024

Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics

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The development and deployment of single-cell genomic technologies have driven a resolution revolution in our understanding of the immune system, providing unprecedented insight into the diversity of immune cells present throughout the body and their function in health and disease. Waldeyer's ring is the collective name for the lymphoid tissue aggregations of the upper aerodigestive tract, comprising the palatine, pharyngeal (adenoids), lingual, and tubal tonsils. These tonsils are the first immune sentinels encountered by ingested and inhaled antigens and are responsible for mounting the first wave of adaptive immune response. An effective mucosal immune response is critical to neutralizing infection in the upper airway and preventing systemic spread, and dysfunctional immune responses can result in ear, nose, and throat pathologies. This review uses Waldeyer's ring to demonstrate how single-cell technologies are being applied to advance our understanding of the immune system and highlight directions for future research.

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Layered immune system development in mice and humans

Cited by 4 publications

References 33 publications

Developmental Programming of the Fetal Immune System by Maternal Western-Style Diet: Mechanisms and Implications for Disease Pathways in the Offspring

Developmental Programming of the Fetal Immune System by Maternal Western-Style Diet: Mechanisms and Implications for Disease Pathways in the Offspring

Sepsis shapes the human γδ TCR repertoire in an age‐ and pathogen‐dependent manner

Mapping Human Immunity and the Education of Waldeyer's Ring

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