Lazarillo expression reveals a subset of neurons contributing to the primary axon scaffold of the embryonic brain of the grasshopperSchistocerca gregaria

Graf, Simone; Ludwig, Peter; Boyan, George

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(20000410)419:3<394::aid-cne10>3.0.co;2-u

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…These sites include a complex of seven cell clusters spread across the protocerebrum and deutocerebrum (Fig. 1b) and recognizable by the fact that they are the only cells in the early brain to co-express the cell surface lipocalin Lazarillo and the neuronal marker horseradish peroxidase (Graf et al 2000). The bilateral, unpaired LC cells of cluster 2 from this complex (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Their targets in the protocerebrum are identified Lazarillo-positive cells, the so-called LC cells, which previously pioneer a fascicle of the primary protocerebral commissure of the brain (see Graf et al 2000). The various pioneers thus establish a molecularly contiguous pathway from the periphery to an identified central circuit of the insect brain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pioneer neurons of the antennal nervous system project to protocerebral pioneers in the grasshopper Schistocerca gregaria

Boyan¹,

Ehrhardt²

2015

Dev Genes Evol

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The twin nerve tracts of the antenna of the grasshopper Schistocerca gregaria are established early in embryogenesis by sibling pairs of pioneers which delaminate from the epithelium into the lumen at the antennal tip. These cells can be uniquely identified via their co-expression of the neuronal labels horseradish peroxidase and the lipocalin Lazarillo. The apical pioneers direct axons toward the antennal base where they encounter guidepost-like cells called base pioneers which transiently express the same molecular labels as the apical pioneers. To what extent the pioneer growth cones then progress into the brain neuropil proper, and what their targets there might be, has remained unclear. In this study, we show that the apical antennal pioneers project centrally beyond the antennal base first into the deutocerebral, and then into the protocerebral brain neuropils. In the protocerebrum, we identify their target circuitry as being identified Lazarillo-positive cells which themselves pioneer the primary axon scaffold of the brain. The apical and base antennal pioneers therefore form part of a molecularly contiguous pathway from the periphery to an identified central circuit of the embryonic grasshopper brain.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pioneer neurons of the antennal nervous system project to protocerebral pioneers in the grasshopper Schistocerca gregaria

Boyan¹,

Ehrhardt²

2015

Dev Genes Evol

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“…Axogenesis in the brain was particularly studied well in the grasshopper and the fruit fly (review Boyan et al 2003). In grasshopper embryos, an early step of brain development is the establishment of glial-bound aggregates of proliferating neuroblasts, ganglion mother cells, and neurons in each brain hemisphere, the proliferative clusters (Boyan et al 1995;Graf et al 2000). Initial axogenesis is carried out by a small sub-set of neurons located in or near the proliferative clusters.…”

Section: Comparison Of Brain Development With Insectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Through axonal outgrowth and fasciculation, this small sub-set of neurons establishes primary axonal tracts that inter-connect all of the proliferative clusters in the embryonic brain. In this way an orthogonal axonal scaffold shaped like a ring around the stomodaeum arises as the primordial brain (Boyan et al 1995(Boyan et al , 2003Graf et al 2000;compare to Wildeman et al 1997;Nassif et al 1998;Page 2004 for brain development in the fruit fly).…”

Section: Comparison Of Brain Development With Insectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early embryonic development of the central nervous system in the Australian crayfish and the Marbled crayfish (Marmorkrebs)

2006

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This study sets out to provide a systematic analysis of the development of the primordial central nervous system (CNS) in embryos of two decapod crustaceans, the Australian crayfish Cherax destructor (Malacostraca, Decapoda, Astacida) and the parthenogenetic Marbled crayfish (Marmorkrebs, Malacostraca, Decapoda, Astacida) by histochemical labelling with phalloidin, a general marker for actin. One goal of our study was to examine the neurogenesis in these two organisms with a higher temporal resolution than previous studies did. The second goal was to explore if there are any developmental differences between the parthenogenetic Marmorkrebs and the sexually reproducing Australian crayfish. We found that in the embryos of both species the sequence of neurogenetic events and the architecture of the embryonic CNS are identical. The naupliar neuromeres proto-, deuto-, tritocerebrum, and the mandibular neuromeres emerge simultaneously. After this "naupliar brain" has formed, there is a certain time lag before the maxilla one primordium develops and before the more caudal neuromeres follow sequentially in the characteristic anterior-posterior gradient. Because the malacostracan egg-nauplius represents a re-capitulation of a conserved ancestral information, which is expressed during development, we speculate that the naupliar brain also conserves an ancestral piece of information on how the brain architecture of an early crustacean or even arthropod ancestor may have looked like. Furthermore, we compare the architecture of the embryonic crayfish CNS to that of the brain and thoracic neuromeres in insects and discuss the similarities and differences that we found against an evolutionary background.

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“…Grasshopper embryos treated with a monoclonal antibody against Laz show axonal aberrant growth and misdirection . Lazarillo has been used as a marker of subsets of pioneer neurons also in other orthopterans, as in the economically important desert locust Schistocerca gregaria (Boyan et al, 2002Graf et al, 2000). However a test for grasshopper Laz functions during adulthood has not been performed yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grasshopper Lazarillo, a GPI-anchored Lipocalin, increases Drosophila longevity and stress resistance, and functionally replaces its secreted homolog NLaz

Ruiz

Wicker-Thomas

Sánchez

et al. 2012

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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Lazarillo expression reveals a subset of neurons contributing to the primary axon scaffold of the embryonic brain of the grasshopperSchistocerca gregaria

Cited by 21 publications

References 30 publications

Pioneer neurons of the antennal nervous system project to protocerebral pioneers in the grasshopper Schistocerca gregaria

Pioneer neurons of the antennal nervous system project to protocerebral pioneers in the grasshopper Schistocerca gregaria

Early embryonic development of the central nervous system in the Australian crayfish and the Marbled crayfish (Marmorkrebs)

Grasshopper Lazarillo, a GPI-anchored Lipocalin, increases Drosophila longevity and stress resistance, and functionally replaces its secreted homolog NLaz

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