LC-MS Based Analysis and Biological Properties of Pseudocedrela kotschyi (Schweinf.) Harms Extracts: A Valuable Source of Antioxidant, Antifungal, and Antibacterial Compounds

Abstract

The impact of two extraction solvents on the phenolic composition, antioxidant, and enzymes inhibitory and antimicrobial activities of two parts (leaves and stem bark) of P. kotschyi was studied. Two different LC-DAD-MSn approaches were used to identify and quantify the bioactive compounds in the different extracts. A total of thirty-two compounds were quantified, being the procyanidin the most abundant in stem bark while catechin and flavonoids are most abundant in leaves. Overall, the stem bark extraction using methanol showed higher amounts of total phenolic (131.83 ± 1.81 mg GAE/g) and flavanol (14.14 ± 0.11 mg CE/g) while the leaves extraction using water exhibited stronger levels of total flavonoid (44.95 ± 0.38 mg RE/g) and phenolic acid (63.58 ± 2.00 mg CAE/g). As regards the antioxidant assays, methanol stem bark extracts were characterized by the highest antioxidant activities (DPPH: 1.94 ± 0.01 mmol TE/g, ABTS: 3.31 ± 0.01 mmol TE/g, FRAP: 2.86 ± 0.02 mmol TE/g, CUPRAC: 5.09 ± 0.08 mmol TE/g, phosphomolybdenum: 5.16 ± 0.23 mmol TE/g and metal chelating: 17.12 ± 0.46 mg EDTAE/g). In addition, the methanolic extracts of stem bark had highest impact on acetylcholinesterase (2.54 mg GALAE/g), butyrylcholinesterase (5.48 mg GALAE/g). In contrast, the methanolic extracts of leaves was potent against tyrosinase (77.39 ± 0.21 mg KAE/g) and α-glucosidase (0.97 ± 0.01 mmol ACAE/g), while a higher anti-α–amylase (0.97 ± 0.01 mmol ACAE/g) was observed for water extracts of the same part. All of the tested extracts showed inhibitory effects on elastase, except methanolic leaves extracts. Additionally, the extracts exhibited appreciable antifungal toward A. ochraceus, A. fumigatus, P. ochrochloron, T. viride, and P. funiculosum and promising antibacterial activity against M. flavus, S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, E. cloacae, and S. typhimurium. Taken together, the outcomes demonstrated P. kotschyi as a novel source of bioactive molecules of interest with an evident therapeutic value.

Phytochemical Characterization, Anti-Oxidant, Anti-Enzymatic and Cytotoxic Effects of Artemisia verlotiorum Lamotte Extracts: A New Source of Bioactive Agents

“…Despite being poorly studied, Artemisia verlotorium Lamotte is employed in traditional medicine in different countries such as Italy, Mauritius, and Brazil. Its infusion is administered as a remedy against hypertension in Italy [22]. In Mauritius, the plant decoction is recorded to be employed to treat fever, psoriasis, and influenza [23].…”

“…The different proportions of distinct phytoconstituents displayed in the results section indicate different extraction behaviors of phenolics, flavonoids, phenolic acid, and flavonols in the different solvents. This can be explained by the fact that (i) other constituents that are not measured, such as lipids, oligosaccharides, sugars, and waxes, interfere with the extraction procedure and also demonstrate that (ii) different solvents have different abilities to penetrate the dried plant material [22]. Plant phenolic compounds are well-known antioxidants.…”

“…On the other hand, it displayed antiangiogenic, apoptotic, and proliferative activity in prostate cancer cell lines. Its combined oral administration with the classical drug docetaxel in a mouse xenograft resulted in a synergistic association, leading to an increased efficacy in tackling androgen-independent prostate cancer [22,36]. In hepatocarcinoma cell lines, vicenin-2 inhibited STAT-3 phosphorylation and suppressed the activation of JAK [37].…”

Nutritional anti-nutritional chemical composition and antioxidant activities of the leaves of the sea cliff dwelling species Limonium spathulatum (Desf.) Kuntze

“…Kuntze ( Ross, 1984 ; Movsumov and Garaev, 2005 ), while Myricetin-3- O -rutinoside was previously identified in L. algarvense’s water extracts ( Rodrigues et al., 2021 ). Myricetin, and its derivatives, exhibit important biological properties, including antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antiviral and antimicrobial ( Baysal et al., 2021 ; Sinan et al., 2021 ). Prodelphinidin A gallate and ethyl gallate were previously detected in L. bondueli organs ( Breant et al., 2010 ).…”

Ecdysteroids as Potent Enzyme Inhibitors and Verification of Their Activity Using In Vitro and In Silico Docking Studies

“…The aforementioned compounds have been selected among the others because they have shown the most relevant inhibitory activity toward tyrosinase in the assays performed in this work, as reported in Table 1 . The hydrogens state assignment of the enzyme’s crystal structure was performed at pH 7.4 by the PROpKa method implemented in the Protein Preparation Wizard panel included in Maestro, employing the well-established procedure commonly adopted by our research group, e.g., [ 18 ], then the hydrogens of the enzymes were subjected to minimization by force field OPLS3 [ 19 ]. Preparation of the targeted enzyme for the docking experiment was achieved by polishing the raw crystallographic enzyme file using the PrepWizard module embedded in Maestro Schrödinger [ 20 ] that mainly removes the non-catalytic water as well as the additional molecules existing in the PDB file.…”