LDL particle size, fat distribution and insulin resistance in obese children

Miyashita, Michio; Okada, Tomoo; Kuromori, Yuki; Harada, Kensuke

doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602333

Cited by 27 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The association between total and LDL cholesterol and LDL particle size is not very consistent in children. In some studies, total and LDL cholesterol concentrations were similar between pattern B and pattern A subjects [1,18,25], whereas both total and LDL cholesterol were found to be lower in pattern B children in the study by Shimabukuro and co-workers [33]. Interestingly, our study showed that increasing total and LDL cholesterol concentration results in an increase in mean LDL particle size.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

Tracking and determinants of LDL particle size in healthy children from 7 to 11 years of age: the STRIP Study

et al. 2008

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Serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle composition varies according to lifestyle and age. To analyze its long-term tracking, we studied LDL particle size consecutively in 100 children at the ages of 7, 9 and 11 years using a high-resolution 3% polyacrylamide gel tube, electrophoresis method, searching also for long-term determinants of the particle size. The mean LDL particle sizes at 7 and 9 years, and at 7 and 11 years correlated directly (r=0.72 and 0.39, respectively). The probability that children would remain in the same LDL particle size tertile between 7 and 11 years of age was 48% (p=0.008). Longitudinally, total, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and LDL cholesterol concentrations and body mass index (BMI) associated directly with mean LDL particle size, and triglyceride concentration and triglyceride/HDL cholesterol ratio correlated inversely. A shift from pre-puberty to puberty was associated with an increase in LDL particle size. Sex, serum insulin concentration, or energy nutrient intakes did not associate with LDL particle size. In conclusion, although mean LDL particle size tracks in 7- to 11-year-old healthy children, changes in serum triglycerides, HDL, LDL, and total cholesterol concentration, BMI, and pubertal status all modify LDL particle size.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

Tracking and determinants of LDL particle size in healthy children from 7 to 11 years of age: the STRIP Study

et al. 2008

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“…Both small, dense LDL and HDL particles in the current study of obese children were higher when compared to the data from healthy children in the study by Zeljkovic et al (22). A prevalence of small, dense LDL particles in obese children has been previously reported, although the results were not entirely consistent (9). In contrast, a relationship of small HDL particles with childhood obesity has been firmly established (23).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

“…Although increased lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (LDL-C) and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations are well-known as major atherosclerosis risk factors, it is now recognized that certain lipoprotein subclasses, particularly small, dense LDL and HDL, may further distinguish an individual's CVD risk (8). In accordance, atherogenic dyslipidemia has emerged as an increasingly prevalent risk factor in children, concomitant with obesity (9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of Apgar score and size at birth with lipoprotein subclasses in juvenile obesity

Bekhet¹,

Vekić²,

Zeljković³

et al. 2017

Turk J Med Sci

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Background/aim: Juvenile obesity is associated with several metabolic abnormalities, one of them being atherogenic dyslipidemia. Suboptimal fetal growth is associated with obesity risk in childhood, but also with increased rate of metabolic diseases in later life. This study investigated associations of neonatal data (Apgar score, birth weight and birth length) with low-density lipoprotein and highdensity lipoprotein (LDL and HDL) subclasses in a group of obese children, as well as a possible impact of breastfeeding duration on obesity-associated lipoprotein subclasses distributions. Materials and methods:We included 42 obese children, aged 14.2 ± 2.1 years. LDL and HDL subfractions were separated by gradient gel electrophoresis and biochemical parameters were assessed by routine methods.Results: Compared with obese children with Apgar ≥ 9, the group with Apgar < 9 had significantly higher percentages of small, dense LDL particles (P < 0.05), due to reduced LDL I (P < 0.01) and increased LDL III subclasses (P < 0.05). Birth weight was positively associated with the proportions of LDL I particles (P < 0.001), whereas birth height positively correlated with the amount of HDL 2b subclasses (P < 0.05). The group of never or less than 3 months breastfed children had significantly smaller LDL size (P < 0.01) and lower proportion of HDL 2a particles (P < 0.05) than their ≥3 months breastfed peers. Conclusion:The results showed significant associations of neonatal characteristics with LDL and HDL particle distributions in obese children. In addition, our results point toward positive aspects of longer breastfeeding duration on lipoprotein particle distributions in obese children.

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“…With respect to secondary dyslipidemia, 54% of obese adolescents included in a study were characterized by phenotype B [14]; according to existing literature only 2-13% of the healthy pediatric population is characterized by this phenotype [15-22]. In a later study, forty percent of obese children with lipid abnormalities were found to have sdLDL particles [23]. This predominance is even more profound in children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus, reaching 86.7%, whereas only 11% of controls belonged to phenotype B. Additionally, youths with diabetes had significantly smaller mean LDL diameter than controls [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant sterols–enriched diet decreases small, dense LDL-cholesterol levels in children with hypercholesterolemia: a prospective study

Garoufi¹,

Vorre²,

Soldatou³

et al. 2014

Ital J Pediatr

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BackgroundSmall dense low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (sdLDL-C) molecules are more atherogenic compared with large buoyant ones. Phytosterols-enriched diets are effective in decreasing total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations in hyperlipidemic children without significant adverse effects. Limited data on the impact of such a diet on sdLDL-C levels is available in adults while there are no reports concerning children. The purpose of this study is to prospectively evaluate the effect of the daily consumption of 2 g of plant sterols on sdLDL-C levels in children with hypercholesterolemia.MethodsFifty-nine children, 25 with LDL-C ≥ 3.4 mmol/l (130 mg/dl) and 34 with LDL-C < 3.4 mmol/l, aged 4.5-15.9 years, were included in the study. A yogurt-drink enriched with 2 g of plant sterols was added to the daily diet of hypercholesterolemic children and 6–12 months later lipid profiles were reassessed. Direct quantitative methods were used to measure LDL-C and sdLDL-C levels.ResultsThe consumption of plant sterols reduced sdLDL-C significantly (p < 0.001), but levels remained higher compared with controls (p < 0.001). TC, LDL-C, non high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (NonHDL-C) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) levels also decreased significantly (p < 0.05). The median reduction of sdLDL-C and LDL-C was 16.6% and 13%, respectively. These variables decreased >10% in sixteen children (64%), independently from baseline levels, sex, age and body mass index (BMI). High density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), lipoprotein a [Lp(a)], and triglycerides (TGs) levels remained unaffected.ConclusionsPlant sterols decrease sdLDL-C significantly and may be beneficial for children with hypercholesterolemia.

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LDL particle size, fat distribution and insulin resistance in obese children

Cited by 27 publications

References 32 publications

Tracking and determinants of LDL particle size in healthy children from 7 to 11 years of age: the STRIP Study

Tracking and determinants of LDL particle size in healthy children from 7 to 11 years of age: the STRIP Study

Associations of Apgar score and size at birth with lipoprotein subclasses in juvenile obesity

Plant sterols–enriched diet decreases small, dense LDL-cholesterol levels in children with hypercholesterolemia: a prospective study

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