Le Châtelperronien de la grotte du Renne à Arcy-sur-Cure (Yonne). Données sédimentologiques et chronostratigraphiques

David, Francine; Connet, Nelly; Girard, Michel; Lhomme, Vincent; Miskovsky, Jean-Claude; Roblin-Jouve, Annie

doi:10.3406/bspf.2001.12483

Cited by 34 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…This suggests that some material is probably derived from the lower Mousterian levels. This could have occurred when the first Châtelperronian occupation began, as suggested previously (15). There is evidence for digging and leveling at the site during this period.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

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Chronology of the Grotte du Renne (France) and implications for the context of ornaments and human remains within the Châtelperronian

Higham

Jacobi

Julien

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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220

105

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There is extensive debate concerning the cognitive and behavioral adaptation of Neanderthals, especially in the period when the earliest anatomically modern humans dispersed into Western Europe, around 35,000–40,000 B.P. The site of the Grotte du Renne (at Arcy-sur-Cure) is of great importance because it provides the most persuasive evidence for behavioral complexity among Neanderthals. A range of ornaments and tools usually associated with modern human industries, such as the Aurignacian, were excavated from three of the Châtelperronian levels at the site, along with Neanderthal fossil remains (mainly teeth). This extremely rare occurrence has been taken to suggest that Neanderthals were the creators of these items. Whether Neanderthals independently achieved this level of behavioral complexity and whether this was culturally transmitted or mimicked via incoming modern humans has been contentious. At the heart of this discussion lies an assumption regarding the integrity of the excavated remains. One means of testing this is by radiocarbon dating; however, until recently, our ability to generate both accurate and precise results for this period has been compromised. A series of 31 accelerator mass spectrometry ultrafiltered dates on bones, antlers, artifacts, and teeth from six key archaeological levels shows an unexpected degree of variation. This suggests that some mixing of material may have occurred, which implies a more complex depositional history at the site and makes it difficult to be confident about the association of artifacts with human remains in the Châtelperronian levels.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…has resulted in a wide range of ages covering 28,000-45,000 B.P., with little stratigraphic consistency (ref. 15, Fig. S1, and Tables S1 and S2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronology of the Grotte du Renne (France) and implications for the context of ornaments and human remains within the Châtelperronian

Higham

Jacobi

Julien

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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220

105

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“…Until the late 1990s, attempts at radiocarbon dating the Grotte du Renne sequence yielded results for the Châtelperronian falling for the most part in the 32-34 ka 14 C BP age range (David et al 2001 ), supporting the interstratifi caton arguments for long-term contemporaneity with the Aurignacian and thereby strengthening Acculturation views of the evidence. The numerous inconsistencies in the dating corpus, however, indicated that those results, obtained on associated animal bone samples, were likely to be minimum ages only, while detailed analysis of the stone tool assemblage in level VII eventually allowed its assignation to the Protoaurignacian (Bon 2002 ;Bon and Bodu 2002 ).…”

Section: Grotte Du Rennementioning

confidence: 81%

Neandertal-Modern Human Contact in Western Eurasia: Issues of Dating, Taxonomy, and Cultural Associations

Zilhão

2013

Dynamics of Learning in Neanderthals and Modern Humans Volume 1

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Supporting Assimilation views of Neandertal/modern human interaction, chronostratigraphic reasoning indicates that the "transitional" industries of Europe predate modern human immigration, in agreement with their association with Neandertals in the Châtelperronian at the Grotte du Renne and St.-Césaire. Supporting the Neandertals' species separateness and less developed cognition, those industries are alternatively claimed to relate to pioneer groups of modern humans; the latter would have been the true makers of the precocious instances of symbolic material culture that, under Assimilation, are assigned to the Neandertals. However, the taxonomy of the Kent's Cavern and Grotta del Cavallo dental remains is uncertain, and their poor stratigraphic context precludes dating by association. The opposite happens at the Grotte du Renne, whose stratigraphic integrity is corroborated by both taphonomy and dating. Not questioning that the Early Ahmarian is a cultural proxy for modern humans and a source for the Protoaurignacian of Europe, its claimed emergence ~46-49 ka ago at Kebara refl ects the dating of Middle Paleolithic charcoal-to be expected, because the Early Ahmarian units at the back of the cave are made up of reworked Middle Paleolithic sediments derived from the entrance. The dating of inherited material also explains the old results for the Aurignacian of Willendorf II and Geissenklösterle. At the latter, the dates on anthropically modifi ed samples of the hunted taxa (reindeer and horse) place its Aurignacian occupations in the same time range as elsewhere in Europe, after ~40 ka ago. The hypothesis that Neandertal/modern human contact in Europe resulted in a process of assimilation in connection with the spread of the Protoaurignacian ~41.5 ka ago remains unfalsifi ed.

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“…S3). In layer X, occupation floors (sublayers) were tentatively identified and numbered (27). However, their identification and recognition was not always straightforward and several artifact refits were detected between the sublayers of X (28) (Fig.…”

Section: Grotte Du Renne Stratigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiocarbon dates from the Grotte du Renne and Saint-Césaire support a Neandertal origin for the Châtelperronian

Hublin

Talamo

Julien

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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214

142

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The transition from the Middle Paleolithic (MP) to Upper Paleolithic (UP) is marked by the replacement of late Neandertals by modern humans in Europe between 50,000 and 40,000 y ago. Châtelperronian (CP) artifact assemblages found in central France and northern Spain date to this time period. So far, it is the only such assemblage type that has yielded Neandertal remains directly associated with UP style artifacts. CP assemblages also include body ornaments, otherwise virtually unknown in the Neandertal world. However, it has been argued that instead of the CP being manufactured by Neandertals, site formation processes and layer admixture resulted in the chance association of Neanderthal remains, CP assemblages, and body ornaments. Here, we report a series of accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dates on ultrafiltered bone collagen extracted from 40 well-preserved bone fragments from the late Mousterian, CP, and Protoaurignacian layers at the Grotte du Renne site (at Arcy-sur-Cure, France). Our radiocarbon results are inconsistent with the admixture hypothesis. Further, we report a direct date on the Neandertal CP skeleton from Saint-Césaire (France). This date corroborates the assignment of CP assemblages to the latest Neandertals of western Europe. Importantly, our results establish that the production of body ornaments in the CP postdates the arrival of modern humans in neighboring regions of Europe. This new behavior could therefore have been the result of cultural diffusion from modern to Neandertal groups.

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Le Châtelperronien de la grotte du Renne à Arcy-sur-Cure (Yonne). Données sédimentologiques et chronostratigraphiques

Cited by 34 publications

References 2 publications

Chronology of the Grotte du Renne (France) and implications for the context of ornaments and human remains within the Châtelperronian

Chronology of the Grotte du Renne (France) and implications for the context of ornaments and human remains within the Châtelperronian

Neandertal-Modern Human Contact in Western Eurasia: Issues of Dating, Taxonomy, and Cultural Associations

Radiocarbon dates from the Grotte du Renne and Saint-Césaire support a Neandertal origin for the Châtelperronian

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