Le temps des Gitans… et non celui des Gitanes1. Mondialisation, ethnicité et patriarcat chez les Kaldarari de Roumanie

Abstract

Le temps des Gitans … et non celui des Gitanes. Mondialisation, ethnicité et patriarcat chez les Roms/Tsiganes Kaldarari de Roumanie. Les Tsiganes/Roms Kaldarari de Roumanie pratiquent traditionnellement l’artisanat et le commerce, dans le contexte d’une vie itinérante et en dehors du marché du travail. Par le commerce de récupération de l’aluminium, la mondialisation économique transforme les hommes en « patrons ». L’ancienne complémentarité des tâches masculines et féminines est remplacée par le modèle de l’homme pourvoyeur et de la femme au foyer. Cependant, contrairement à ce que l’on observe dans nos sociétés, ce nouveau dispositif patriarcal n’a pas pour enjeu la reproduction de la force productive, mais la préservation de l’identité rome/tsigane par le maintien de la frontière avec les non-Tsiganes. À la lumière de ces aspects ethnographiques, l’article propose une contribution critique aux théories féministes de la division sexuelle du travail et du patriarcat.The Kalderash Gypsy /Roma, itinerant life style kraftsmen and traders, work traditionally out of the labor market in Romania. The globalization gives them the opportunity to become « managers » in the aluminium recuperation business. The former complementary masculine and feminine work is replaced by the model of ‘man the breadwinner/woman the housekeeper’. This patriarcal evolution is connected to new ethnic boundary issues more than to the capitalist challenge (women support of productive force). In the light of this ethnographical aspects, the article is a critical view of the feminist theories of sexual division of labour and of patriarchy

The Imperative Need for Criminological Research on the European Roma: A Narrative Review

“…The phenomenon of early marriages was highlighted particularly as a cause of further problems in adulthood, IPV included. Other factors, such as frustration, jealousy and financial problems, were also attributed as causes of IPV (Dan & Banu, 2018; Hasdeu, 2004). Ironically, Roma communities appear to rather oppose violence against women (Dan & Banu, 2018; Vives-Cases et al, 2018), although Kozubik et al (2020) found that prevailing gender stereotypes were a precondition in all IPV cases studied ( N = 20).…”

“…Although the authors argued that the sample ( N = 288) is representative, it is still small, and therefore, these results need to be interpreted with caution. Further, Hasdeu (2004) conducted a 2-year ethnography with Romanian Roma and underscored the role of frustration as a risk factor in IPV but did not specify the extent of the phenomenon. In addition, Dan & Banu, 2018 addressed domestic violence against Romanian Roma women and found a rather high level of such violence in these families.…”

“…Domestic Violence. Scholarship has addressed Roma children's maltreatment (Oliván-Gonzalvo, 2004a, 2004bVelentza, 2020) as well as IPV (Dan & Banu, 2018;Hasdeu, 2004;Kozubik et al, 2020;Tokuç et al, 2010;Vrȃbiescu, 2019). Further, Dan & Banu, 2018 addressed the violence that Roma women experienced from other family members, such as their Table 2.…”

“…(18) Hagan and Radoeva (1997) Even though the Roma are not implicated in as much crime as they are thought of, there seems to be a crime problem related to drug and weapons trafficking and prostitution offences. ( 19) Hasdeu (2004) Frustration is a risk factor for IPV among Romanian Roma. (20, 21) James (2014; The European Roma have been and still are victims of hate crime.…”

Devenir travailleuse domestique

“…À ce titre, les travaux de Fredrik Barth (1999) sur la construction des « groupes ethniques » montrent comment ces frontières sont socialement construites, mobiles, situationnelles, perméables, mais également conflictuelles. Il s'agit dès lors d'interroger les mécanismes de création et de reproduction des représentations sociales et des pratiques identitaires qui reposent sur la distinction et la séparation de l'autre dans une perspective processuelle (Hasdeu 2007).…”