Leaching and extraction of additives from plastic pollution to inform environmental risk: A multidisciplinary review of analytical approaches

Bridson, James H.; Gaugler, Evamaria C.; Smith, Dawn A.; Northcott, Grant L.; Gaw, Sally

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125571

Cited by 187 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 161 publications

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“…Environmental pollution is prevalent worldwide and has been highlighted as an issue of global concern in the modern society, of which plastic pollution [1][2][3][4] is one of the chief culprits. [5][6][7] Nowadays, some terms, such as microplastics and plastic rain, become diffusely known. Not only that, the economic waste generated by plastic pollution has an increasingly serious tendency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the species of crosslinking reagents on the structures and properties of biodegradable poly (butanediol sebacate ‐ butanediol terephthalate) copolyester

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In the present study, poly(butylene sebacate-co-terephthalate)s having different crosslinking reagents were synthesized with a random distribution by a two-step esterification and one-step polycondensation process. In detail, the using crosslinking agents were included trimethylolethane (TME), trimethylolpropane, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminoethane, glycerol (GL). Particularly, CS refers to a sample with no crosslinking agent added. The copolyester with TME was the least crystalline sample, and the melting peaks of all copolyesters corresponding to both, sebacate and terephthalate-rich phases were still observable in second calorimetric heating runs. These copolyesters were associated with interesting thermal and mechanical properties. The melting points of all samples were higher than 118 C and the puncture resistance and tensile strength of GL, the tear strength of TME, and the Young's modulus of all samples have been improved. Enzymatic degradability was assessed and the effect of composition and crystallinity on the degradation rate was investigated. The copolyester adding GL appears as a highly promising biodegradable material since it showed a significant weight loss during exposure to all selected degradation media, but also exhibited good performance and properties that were comparable to those characteristic of polyethylene. In brief, the improvement of PBSeT's puncture resistance, tear strength, and degradation performance is extremely important for the development and promotion of degradable foam, film, and elastomer materials.poly (butanediol sebacate -butanediol terephthalate), species of crosslinking reagents, structures and properties

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the species of crosslinking reagents on the structures and properties of biodegradable poly (butanediol sebacate ‐ butanediol terephthalate) copolyester

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…In this section, we outlined that the toxicity of plastic leachates is related to the chemical composition of the plastic, often being unique to the material. As already described by Bridson et al (2021) and discussed here, the adverse effects of plastic leachates are not under debate. However, the extent to which hazardous chemicals are released due to weathering and affect aquatic organisms is of specific concern ( Arp et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Plastics contain chemicals that fulfill certain functions, e.g ., plasticizers are used to increase the materials’ plasticity. Stabilizers, antioxidants, colorants, flame retardants and biocides are other functional compounds that can be admixed to the base polymer ( Hartmann et al, 2019 ; Bridson et al, 2021 ). The European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) has compiled more than 400 substances of such additives that represent high production volume chemicals used in plastics ( European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) has compiled more than 400 substances of such additives that represent high production volume chemicals used in plastics ( European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), 2021 ). In addition, processing aids, impurities and reaction by-products can be introduced unintentionally during production and are usually unknown to the public ( Groh et al, 2019 , 2021 ; Bridson et al, 2021 ). These chemical mixtures can leach into an aqueous phase under laboratory conditions ( Gewert et al, 2018 ; Capolupo et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Locomotor behavior of Neocaridina palmata: a study with leachates from UV-weathered microplastics

Klein¹,

Heß²,

Schulte‐Oehlmann³

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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Weathering of plastics leads to the formation of increasingly smaller particles with the release of chemical compounds. The latter occurs with currently unknown environmental impacts. Leachate-induced effects of weathered microplastics (MPs) are therefore of increasing concern. To investigate the toxicity of the chemical mixtures from such plastics, we exposed the freshwater shrimp Neocaridina palmata to enriched leachates from unweathered and artificially weathered (UV-A/B light) MPs (≤1 mm) from recycled low-density polyethylene (LDPE-R) pellets and from a biodegradable, not fully bio-based starch blend (SB) foil. We analyzed the individual locomotor activity (moved distance and frozen events) on day 1, 3, 7 and 14 of exposure to five leachate concentrations equivalent to 0.40–15.6 g MPs L−1, representing the upper scale of MPs that have been found in the environment. The median moved distance did not change as a function of concentration, except for the unweathered SB treatment on day 14 that indicated hyperactivity with increasing concentrations. Significant impacts were solely detected for few concentrations and exposure days. Generally, no consistent trend was observed across the experiments. We further assessed the baseline toxicity of the samples in the Microtox assay and detected high bioluminescence inhibitions of the bacterium Aliivibrio fischeri. This study demonstrates that neither the recycled nor the biodegradable material are without impacts on test parameters and therefore cannot be seen as safe alternative for conventional plastics regarding the toxicity. However, the observed in vitro toxicity did not result in substantial effects on the behavior of shrimps. Overall, we assume that the two endpoints examined in the atyid shrimp N. palmata were not sensitive to chemicals leaching from plastics or that effects on the in vivo level affect other toxic endpoints which were not considered in this study.

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“…The effects of MPs on animals are closely related to the exposure concentration, shape, size, type and additives of MPs (Huerta Lwanga et al, 2016;Lambert et al, 2017;Wang H.-T. et al, 2019;Chen et al, 2020d;Li B. et al, 2021). (Hahladakis et al, 2018;Barrick et al, 2021;Bridson et al, 2021). Most plastic products contain various additives, such as plasticizers, flame retardants, antioxidants, light and heat stabilizers, lubricants, and pigments (Table 2), that are generally not chemically bound to plastic polymers and may be prone to leaching into the soil matrix (Hahladakis et al, 2018;Ge et al, 2021).…”

Section: Effects Of Microplastic(s) On Soil Faunamentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastics as an Emerging Environmental Pollutant in Agricultural Soils: Effects on Ecosystems and Human Health

Zhang

Tan

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Microplastics are <5 mm in size, made up of diverse chemical components, and come from multiple sources. Due to extensive use and unreasonable disposal of plastics, microplastics have become a global environmental issue and have aroused widespread concern about their potential ecological risks. This review introduces the sources, distribution and migration of microplastics in agricultural soil ecosystems. The effects of microplastics on soil physicochemical properties and nutrient cycling are also discussed. Microplastics can alter a series of key soil biogeochemical processes by changing their characteristics, resulting in multiple effects on the activities and functions of soil microorganisms. The effects of microplastics on soil animals and plants, the combined effects of microplastics and coexisting pollutants (organic pollutants and heavy metals), and their potential risks to human health are also discussed. Finally, prevention and control strategies of microplastic pollution in agricultural soil ecosystems are put forward, and knowledge gaps and future research suggestions about microplastic pollution are given. This review improves the understanding of environmental behavior of microplastics in agricultural soil ecosystems, and provides a theoretical reference for a better assessment of the ecological and environmental risks of microplastics.

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Leaching and extraction of additives from plastic pollution to inform environmental risk: A multidisciplinary review of analytical approaches

Cited by 187 publications

References 161 publications

Effects of the species of crosslinking reagents on the structures and properties of biodegradable poly (butanediol sebacate ‐ butanediol terephthalate) copolyester

Effects of the species of crosslinking reagents on the structures and properties of biodegradable poly (butanediol sebacate ‐ butanediol terephthalate) copolyester

Locomotor behavior of Neocaridina palmata: a study with leachates from UV-weathered microplastics

Microplastics as an Emerging Environmental Pollutant in Agricultural Soils: Effects on Ecosystems and Human Health

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