Lead Absorption in Children and Its Relationship to Urban Traffic Densities

Caprio, Raphael J.; Margulis, Harry L.; Joselow, Morris M.

doi:10.1080/00039896.1974.10666468

Cited by 60 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…However, seasonal fluctuations are now less of an issue. They were observed many years ago and were closely associated with the amount of leaded gasoline sold (Kimbrough et al, 1994;Caprio et al, 1974). Other studies report similar results based on soil survey data without considering other sources of lead exposure.…”

Section: Indirect Studies Using Census Tracts and Other Datasupporting

confidence: 73%

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Contribution of lead in soil to children’s lead burden, an update

Kimbrough

Krouskas²

2012

Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability

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Blood lead levels in children in the USA have dropped dramatically since lead in food, air and drinking water was reduced. In inner cities and older residential areas, increased lead exposure may still be a problem because of dilapidated housing with high lead paint levels. In these areas, at mining sites and around smelters lead levels in soil may be very high. A review of many studies indicates that lead in soil or mine tailings does not make a meaningful contribution to lead absorption by children. The contribution of lead in soil to overall exposure, if any, lies within the variation of the analytical method for blood lead measurements. The results of exposure studies in the pediatric population reviewed in this article do not support exposure predictions for children under 6 years of age based on the US EPA Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic Model (using default parameters or using results obtained with in vitro digestion models). They also do not support predictions based on the percent of solubility of lead in soil (accessibility studies).

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Section: Indirect Studies Using Census Tracts and Other Datasupporting

confidence: 73%

“…In the past, blood lead levels in children were higher in areas close to heavy traffic (Caprio et al, 1974;Galke et al, 1975;Binns et al, 2007). However, Rabinowitz et al (1985) concluded that lead in residential soil and in house dust contributed significantly to the exposure of children.…”

Section: Soil In Residential Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of lead in soil to children’s lead burden, an update

Kimbrough

Krouskas²

2012

Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability

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“…12 feet away, had higher blood lead concentrations than people living further away. Caprio, Margulis and Joselow (1974) reported similar findings among children living within 100 ft of busy roadways in Newark, New Jersey. These authors imputed that the inhalation of automobile exhaust lead was an important factor in the aetiology of childhood lead poisoning in urban areas.…”

Section: The Lead Smelter At Avonmouth and Factories Insupporting

confidence: 54%

The current lead pollution problem

Barry¹

1975

Postgraduate Medical Journal

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“…1 Several investigators have reported that gradients of lead concentrations in air, soil or people can be related to the density and proximity of automobile traffic. 2 A previous study conducted has shown that magnitude of lead in tree bark correlated with road traffic intensity. These findings showed that gasoline is likely to be the main origin of lead exposure in Dakar.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Environmental lead exposure and its relationship to traffic density among Senegalese children: a pilot study

Diouf

Garçon

Thiaw³

et al. 2003

Hum Exp Toxicol

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In Senegal, as in many developing countries, traffic density is increasing in urban areas; in Dakar more than 50% of vehicles use gasoline. Yet the extent and real magnitude of the problem has neither been recognized nor assessed in these countries. Systemic data assessment of lead pollution and people's exposure are not well known in Senegal. This study was also designed to determine the impregnation levels of the lead released by the exhaust of cars and the changes of some early biological markers in Senegalese children. Blood lead (BPb) levels showed that all the children enrolled were exposed. However, lead exposure levels (from 34.7 to 145.8 mg/L) were less important for children living in rural areas (60.99-18.3 mg/L) than for those living in urban areas (106.79-16.9 mg/L). These changes could be correlated to the difference in the automobile traffic between both these regions (P B-0.001). BPb mean levels found in boys were higher than those in girls (P B-0.05). Despite elevated BPb levels, all values for blood zinc protoporphyrin and urine delta-aminolevulinic acid were within physiological ranges. In addition, variations in some biological markers of oxidative stress and renal disorders were seen; however, they must be confirmed by a future epidemiological study.

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Lead Absorption in Children and Its Relationship to Urban Traffic Densities

Cited by 60 publications

References 3 publications

Contribution of lead in soil to children’s lead burden, an update

Contribution of lead in soil to children’s lead burden, an update

The current lead pollution problem

Environmental lead exposure and its relationship to traffic density among Senegalese children: a pilot study

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