Lead, Cadmium, Mercury, Copper and Zinc Content in Polish Powdered Milk and Products for Infants and Children

Wojciechowska-Mazurek, M.; Karlowski, K.; Kumpulainen, Jorma; Starska, Krystyna; Brulinska-Ostrowska, E.; Zwiek-Ludwicka, Kazimiera

doi:10.1533/9781855737945.423

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The mean Cd contents in 1997, 1998, and 1999 were 0.046, 0.029, and 0.052 mg kg -1 dw, respectively, ranging from 0.008 to 0.120 mg kg -1 dw ( Table ). The Cd concentrations of oats were similar to those observed in previous studies from Finland ( − ) and various other countries ( − ). The mean Cd concentrations of oat grain found in Finland have varied between 0.019 and 0.041 mg kg -1 ( − ); in Sweden, 0.031−0.042 mg kg -1 ( , ); The Netherlands, 0.09 mg kg -1 dw (); and Poland, 0.086−0.108 mg kg -1 ().…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Cadmium Contents of Oats (Avena sativa L.) in Official Variety, Organic Cultivation, and Nitrogen Fertilization Trials during 1997−1999

Eurola

Hietaniemi

Kontturi

et al. 2003

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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The cadmium (Cd) contents of oats (Avena sativa L.) in Finland were examined over a 3 year period in three types of trials: official variety, organic vs conventional cultivation, and nitrogen fertilization trials. Large seasonal and regional variations were found in the Cd concentrations. In official variety trials, the mean Cd contents in 1997, 1998, and 1999 were 0.046, 0.029, and 0.052 mg kg(-1) dry weight (dw), respectively, ranging from 0.008 to 0.120 mg kg(-1) dw. The concentrations were generally well below the maximum permitted level of 0.100 mg kg(-1) fresh weight. No significant differences were found between the organic and the conventional cultivation techniques. Nitrogen (N) fertilization increased the Cd contents of oats especially at high nitrogen rates (160 kg N hectare(-1) (ha)). Significant cultivar differences (p < 0.001) were determined in all trials. Cultivars Salo and Kolbu had consistently higher contents, and Belinda and Roope had lower Cd contents among the different growing conditions. Hence, it is possible to cultivate and develop oat cultivars less likely to accumulate Cd.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Cadmium Contents of Oats (Avena sativa L.) in Official Variety, Organic Cultivation, and Nitrogen Fertilization Trials during 1997−1999

Eurola

Hietaniemi

Kontturi

et al. 2003

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…In the study by Wojciechowska-Mazurek et al (1995), the Hg content in selected fresh fruit in Poland was assessed. The median concentration of Hg was <1 to 2 µg/kg fresh weight for red currants, <1 to 1 µg/kg fresh weight for strawberries and cherries, and <1 µg/kg fresh weight for raspberries, blackcurrants, hungarian plums, apples, and pears [65]. Wyka et al (2009) assessed the Hg content in various vegetables and fruits in one of the regions of Poland.…”

Section: Mercury Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Chokeberry Products Safe for Health? Evaluation of the Content of Contaminants and Health Risk

Olechno,

Puścion-Jakubik,

Soroczyńska

et al. 2023

Foods

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The health-promoting properties of chokeberry fruit have been confirmed in numerous scientific studies. It has been shown that the consumption of these fruits, due to the high content of bioactive compounds, has beneficial effects in neurodegenerative diseases, in addition to having hypolipemic, hypotensive, hypoglycemic, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, different conditions and methods of fruit cultivation, as well as methods of juice and fiber production, may result in a high content of toxic substances, which reduce the health value of chokeberry products. Many substances are environmental pollutants. In this study, for the first time, we examined the content of toxic elements (As, Hg, Cd, Pb), nitrates, and nitrites in all chokeberry juices (organic, conventional, from concentrate, and not from fruit concentrate) without additives and in all chokeberry fibers available in Poland. In addition, risk indicators of adverse health effects were calculated. The median content of the contaminants tested in juices was 0.461 µg/kg for As, 1.170 µg/kg for Cd, 0.427 µg/kg for Hg, 1.404 µg/kg for Pb, 4.892 mg/kg for NO2−, and 41.788 mg/kg for NO3−. These values did not exceed the permissible standards for the calculated indicators. There were also no statistically significant differences in the content of Cd, Hg, and Pb, as well as nitrates (III) and nitrates (V), in the tested juices depending on the method of cultivation and juice production. However, statistically significant differences in As content were found between juices from conventional and organic cultivation (1.032 µg/kg vs. 0.458 µg/kg) and juices from concentrate and not from concentrate (1.164 µg/kg vs. 0.460 µg/kg). There were no statistically significant differences with respect to impurities in fibers. It is shown that the consumption of chokeberry juice and fiber in the amount normally consumed does not pose a health risk associated with the intake of toxic substances; in the case of long-term fiber consumption, the Pb content should be monitored. In particular, organic juices and those not from fruit concentrate are recommended due to the lower As content.

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Lead, Cadmium, Mercury, Copper and Zinc Content in Polish Powdered Milk and Products for Infants and Children

Cited by 2 publications

References 13 publications

Cadmium Contents of Oats (Avena sativa L.) in Official Variety, Organic Cultivation, and Nitrogen Fertilization Trials during 1997−1999

Cadmium Contents of Oats (Avena sativa L.) in Official Variety, Organic Cultivation, and Nitrogen Fertilization Trials during 1997−1999

Are Chokeberry Products Safe for Health? Evaluation of the Content of Contaminants and Health Risk

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