Lead contamination of soils, sediments, and vegetation in a shooting range and adjacent terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems: A holistic approach for evaluating potential risks

Christou, Anastasis; Hadjisterkotis, Eleftherios; Dalias, Panagiotis; Demetriou, Eleni; Christofidou, Maria; Kozakou, Sofia; Michael, Nicos; Charalambous, Chrystalla; Hatzigeorgiou, Militsa; Christou, Eftychia; Stefani, Demetris; Christoforou, Evaggelia; Neocleous, Damianos

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133424

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…These differ based on many combinations of physical factors [81][82][83]. These may interact with the chemical properties and behavior of the studied elements to form complex patterns [84][85][86] that could not be captured with the present data or methods.…”

Section: Basin-scale Factors Hold Enough Information To Predict Poten...mentioning

confidence: 93%

Ranking of Basin-Scale Factors Affecting Metal Concentrations in River Sediment

Lotz

Opp

2022

Applied Sciences

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River sediments often contain potentially harmful pollutants such as metals. Much research has been conducted to identify factors involved in sediment concentrations of metals. While most metal pollution studies focus on smaller scales, it has been shown that basin-scale parameters are powerful predictors of river water quality. The present study focused on basin-scale factors of metal concentrations in river sediments. The study was performed on the contiguous USA using Random Forest (R.F.) to analyze the importance of different factors of the metal pollution potential of river sediments and evaluate the possibility of assessing this potential from basin characteristics. Results indicated that the most important factors belonged to the groups Geology, Dams, and Land cover. Rock characteristics (contents of K2O, CaO, and SiO2) and reservoir drainage area were strong factors. Vegetation indices were more important than land cover types. The response of different metals to basin-scale factors varied greatly. The R.F. models performed well with prediction errors of 16.5% to 28.1%, showing that basin-scale parameters hold sufficient information for predicting potential metal concentrations. The results contribute to research and policymaking dependent on understanding large-scale factors of metal pollution.

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Section: Basin-scale Factors Hold Enough Information To Predict Poten...mentioning

confidence: 93%

Ranking of Basin-Scale Factors Affecting Metal Concentrations in River Sediment

Lotz

Opp

2022

Applied Sciences

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“…On a smaller scale, the daily activities of civilian shooting ranges also bring environmental impacts like those of military training. Shooting ranges [90][91][92][93][94], notably, those that offer shotgun sports, are known to pollute soils with lead because each shotgun cartridge discharges up to 36 g of lead pellets over diffuse areas [84,88]. Around the world, several studies have reported impressive lead loadings (several tons) from shooting ranges deposited in soils [95][96][97][98].…”

Section: How Do Military Training and Shooting Ranges Environmentally...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mushrooms and other species of fungi are highly capable of immobilizing uranium in soils [93]. However, as previously discussed, the chemistry of uranium is very complex, which makes the implementation of chemical and physical remediation processes difficult.…”

Section: The Mycoremediation Of Soils Impacted By War-like Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review about the Mycoremediation of Soil Impacted by War-like Activities: Challenges and Gaps

Geris,

Malta,

Soares

et al. 2024

JoF

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(1) Background: The frequency and intensity of war-like activities (war, military training, and shooting ranges) worldwide cause soil pollution by metals, metalloids, explosives, radionuclides, and herbicides. Despite this environmentally worrying scenario, soil decontamination in former war zones almost always involves incineration. Nevertheless, this practice is expensive, and its efficiency is suitable only for organic pollutants. Therefore, treating soils polluted by wars requires efficient and economically viable alternatives. In this sense, this manuscript reviews the status and knowledge gaps of mycoremediation. (2) Methods: The literature review consisted of searches on ScienceDirect and Web of Science for articles (1980 to 2023) on the mycoremediation of soils containing pollutants derived from war-like activities. (3) Results: This review highlighted that mycoremediation has many successful applications for removing all pollutants of war-like activities. However, the mycoremediation of soils in former war zones and those impacted by military training and shooting ranges is still very incipient, with most applications emphasizing explosives. (4) Conclusion: The mycoremediation of soils from conflict zones is an entirely open field of research, and the main challenge is to optimize experimental conditions on a field scale.

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“…Passing years, soil contamination associated with various human activities such as shooting range, industrial, agricultural, mining, and waste disposal has been on the increase [2]. Among these sources of contamination, shooting range activity impacts negatively on the range surrounding environment especially soil contamination [3][4][5][6]. Some major contaminant associated with this activity is trace metals particularly lead [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of spatial distribution of lead in soils around an active military shooting range

Etim,

Ola

2024

Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry

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In this study, the extent of Pb contamination around an active military shooting range is re-assessed to ascertain current contamination status comparatively to data’s reported 20 years ago. This is because lead bullet disintegration and mobility takes several years and extensively affects levels of soil-Pb contamination. A total of 120 topsoil samples were collected within the impact area (front) and non-impact area (back) for Pb determination. High concentrations of Pb were found at impact berm both front (28940±2996 μg/g) and back (775±128 μg/g). Spatial distribution of contamination reflects the distances from berm. Soil-Pb contamination around non-impact area was notable at back berm through to 100 m distance with significant difference in Pb, Cr, Ni and Zn levels. Concentration of Pb at berm was observed to have increase five-fold over a period of about twenty years from previous study with accumulation factor of about 1000. Principal component analysis PCA indicated 67 % of total metal load of range soil was majorly from impact areas of the berm. The correspondence analysis relay plot shows pollution order of Pb > Ni > Cd > Cr > Zn > Cu. This confirms soil contamination especially around the impact area, i.e. impact berm and firing lines and non-impact area at 0 m, 10 m, 50 m and 100 m. Environmental consequence of high soil-Pb levels within the range especially non-impact areas utilized for farming activities will leave much to desire. Hence, extensive and continuous monitoring is needed. However, remediation through appropriate soil washing technique could reduce Pb levels and improve soil condition regardless of age.

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Lead contamination of soils, sediments, and vegetation in a shooting range and adjacent terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems: A holistic approach for evaluating potential risks

Cited by 11 publications

References 53 publications

Ranking of Basin-Scale Factors Affecting Metal Concentrations in River Sediment

Ranking of Basin-Scale Factors Affecting Metal Concentrations in River Sediment

A Review about the Mycoremediation of Soil Impacted by War-like Activities: Challenges and Gaps

Assessment of spatial distribution of lead in soils around an active military shooting range

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