Lead-free piezoceramics – Where to move on?

Hong, Chang-Hyo; Kim, Hwang-Pill; Choi, Byung-Yul; Han, Hongliang; Son, Jae Sung; Ahn, Chang Won; Jo, Wook

doi:10.1016/j.jmat.2015.12.002

Cited by 353 publications

(193 citation statements)

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“…6,31,32 A quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis of the degree of texture (Figure 2b) is characterized by the Lotgering factor of 95%. 3 This value corresponds to one of the best textures induced in BNT-based piezoceramics thus far. It is important to note that the crystallographic orientation of the direction perpendicular to the casting direction is o2004 instead of [002], which is commonly targeted for tetragonal systems during the TGG process.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus far, most useful IPSs have been found in relaxor ferroelectrics, 3,5 indicating that the inherently large poling field, E pol , (poling field: an electric field required for inducing ferroelectric state out of the existing relaxor state, determined at the inflection point of the electric-field-dependent strain curve as illustrated in Figure 1a) with a consequently large hysteresis, is unavoidable. This result is due to the considerably large nucleation energy barrier that has to be overcome for a ferroelectric phase to be born in a pure relaxor phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It follows that for incipient piezoceramics to be of practical importance, the three challenging issues, that is high E pol , large degree of hysteresis and poor temperature stability, must be overcome reliably. 2,3 Considering the mechanism for IPS, a potentially simple solution to the aforementioned challenges could be via the control of the nucleation kinetics of the electric-field-induced ferroelectric phase formation out of the initial relaxor phase. 8 A common strategy used to facilitate the electric-field-induced relaxor-to-ferroelectric transition includes the tailoring of microstructures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This result is due to the presence of the remanent state, which typically occupies~0.1% of the entire phase. 2 Piezoelectric strain commonly refers to the difference between the maximum and remanent strain levels, and it may be greatly enhanced by minimizing the remanent strain, as is the case for IPS.Thus far, most useful IPSs have been found in relaxor ferroelectrics, 3,5 indicating that the inherently large poling field, E pol , (poling field: an electric field required for inducing ferroelectric state out of the existing relaxor state, determined at the inflection point of the electric-field-dependent strain curve as illustrated …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Forced electrostriction by constraining polarization switching enhances the electromechanical strain properties of incipient piezoceramics

et al. 2017

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Recently developed lead-free incipient piezoceramics are promising candidates for off-resonance actuator applications due to their exceptionally large electromechanical strains. Their commercialization currently faces three critical challenges: the high driving electric field required for delivering the potentially large strains; large strain hysteresis, which is inappropriate for precision devices; and relatively high temperature dependencies. We propose that instead of utilizing incipient piezoelectric strains, harnessing the maximum possible electrostriction would provide a highly effective way to resolve all these challenges. This concept was experimentally demonstrated using textured 0.97Bi 1/2 (Na 0.78 K 0.22 ) 1/2 TiO 3 -0.03BiAlO 3 as an exemplary incipient piezoceramic, whereby texturing was achieved using a reactive templated grain-growth technique. The manufactured textured ceramic is characterized by S max /E max of 995 pm V − 1 and an electrostrictive coefficient, Q 33 , of 0.049 m 4 C − 2 . Both these parameters are as large as those of single crystals. The current work presents a significant advancement in the field of lead-free ceramics and can guide future efforts in this direction. In addition, the concept presented here can be easily transferred to other disciplines involving the design of functional properties of various materials. NPG Asia Materials (2017) 9, e346; doi:10.1038/am.2016.210; published online 27 January 2017 INTRODUCTIONSince the first report on incipient piezoelectric strain (IPS) in a (Bi 1/2 Na 1/2 )TiO 3 (BNT)-based lead-free ceramic, 1 there have been numerous attempts to enhance the strain properties of these materials. These studies have concluded that IPS is a common feature of relaxor ferroelectrics as long as their freezing temperature is below room temperature, that is, they are in the ergodic relaxor state, whereas ferroelectric long-range order is only stable under the application of a certain or higher electric field. 2-4 It should be noted that the electric-field-induced strain in a normal ferroelectric material is approximately half the strain inherently available for the given system. This result is due to the presence of the remanent state, which typically occupies~0.1% of the entire phase. 2 Piezoelectric strain commonly refers to the difference between the maximum and remanent strain levels, and it may be greatly enhanced by minimizing the remanent strain, as is the case for IPS.Thus far, most useful IPSs have been found in relaxor ferroelectrics, 3,5 indicating that the inherently large poling field, E pol , (poling field: an electric field required for inducing ferroelectric state out of the existing relaxor state, determined at the inflection point of the electric-field-dependent strain curve as illustrated

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