Lead isotope ratios for bullets, forensic evaluation in a Bayesian paradigm

Sjåstad, Knut-Endre; Lucy, David; Andersen, Tom

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2015.07.070

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Alternatively, researchers can employ theoretical psychological-pedagogical considerations to postulate a competence model and empirically validate its structure with factor analysis, as done in the domain of ICT literacy ( Zylka et al, 2015 ). A third approach involves synthesizing the literature to develop competence models that are then empirically tested, e.g., a model of inductive reasoning ( Christou and Papageorgiou, 2007 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Cognition: Experts’ Views on Affective-Motivational Research Dispositions in the Social Sciences

et al. 2018

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Research competence (RC) as a key ability of students in the social sciences has thus far been conceptualized as consisting primarily of cognitive dispositions. However, owing to its highly complex and demanding nature, competence in conducting research might require additional affective and motivational dispositions. To address this deficiency in the literature, first, we conducted a qualitative interview study with academic experts (N = 16) in which we asked them to identify challenging research situations and the affective-motivational research dispositions needed to cope with them. We employed a subsequent online rating (N = 27) to evaluate the situations and dispositions that had been identified. The resulting affective-motivational facet of RC encompasses six challenging situations that are often encountered and nine dispositions that are necessary to successfully conduct research in the social sciences and may be used to both inform and evaluate research-based learning. The interview-based approach may serve as an exemplary procedure to postulate affective-motivational facets of competence models.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Cognition: Experts’ Views on Affective-Motivational Research Dispositions in the Social Sciences

et al. 2018

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“…Scanning electron microscopy associated to Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) was employed to investigate the composition of the bullets considered in this study. To the knowledge of the authors, all previous works on bullet composition made use of traditional elemental analysis techniques, such as atomic absorption or emission, mass spectrometry or neutron activation [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. On one hand, these analytical approaches are far more sensitive and more suitable for a proper quantitation of elements even in trace amount.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A further element of novelty of this paper is actually the use of SEM for obtaining information on the chemical composition of bullets, whereas this technique in the ballistics field has traditionally been limited to morphological studies [11][12][13] and to gunshot residue determination [14][15][16]. The issue of elemental composition of bullets has been quite thoroughly investigated [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28], but always with atomic spectroscopy or mass spectrometry techniques. The main aim of such studies was estimating if the composition of a bullet could be a significant feature for linking a fired bullet to the ammunition seized to a suspect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of composition and morphological features on the striation of .22LR ammunition

Manzalini

Frisia

Casolari

et al. 2019

Forensic Science International

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High-Precision (MC-ICPMS) Isotope Ratio Analysis Reveals Contrasting Sources of Elevated Blood Lead Levels of an Adult with Retained Bullet Fragments, and of His Child, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Smith

Shafer

Weiss

et al. 2016

Biol Trace Elem Res

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Exposure to the neurotoxic element lead (Pb) continues to be a major human health concern, particularly for children in US urban settings, and the need for robust tools for assessment of exposure sources has never been greater. The latest generation of multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICPMS) instrumentation offers the capability of using Pb isotopic signatures as a tool for environmental source tracking in public health. We present a case where MC-ICPMS was applied to isotopically resolve Pb sources in human clinical samples. An adult male and his child residing in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, presented to care in August 2015 with elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) (>200 μg/dL for the adult and 10 μg/dL for the child). The adult subject is a gunshot victim who had multiple bullet fragments embedded in soft tissue of his thigh for approximately 10 years. This study compared the high-precision isotopic fingerprints (<1 ‰ 2σ external precision) of Pb in the adult's and child's whole blood (WB) to the following possible Pb sources: a surgically extracted bullet fragment, household paint samples and tap water, and a Pb water-distribution pipe removed from servicing a house in the same neighborhood. Pb in the bullet and adult WB were nearly isotopically indistinguishable (matching within 0.05-0.56 ‰), indicating that bullet fragments embedded in soft tissue could be the cause of both acute and chronic elevated blood Pb levels. Among other sources investigated, no single source dominated the child's exposure profile as reflected in the elevated BLL.

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Lead isotope ratios for bullets, forensic evaluation in a Bayesian paradigm

Cited by 8 publications

References 22 publications

Beyond Cognition: Experts’ Views on Affective-Motivational Research Dispositions in the Social Sciences

Beyond Cognition: Experts’ Views on Affective-Motivational Research Dispositions in the Social Sciences

The effect of composition and morphological features on the striation of .22LR ammunition

High-Precision (MC-ICPMS) Isotope Ratio Analysis Reveals Contrasting Sources of Elevated Blood Lead Levels of an Adult with Retained Bullet Fragments, and of His Child, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin

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