Lead isotope ratios for bullets, a descriptive approach for investigative purposes and a new method for sampling of bullet lead

Sjåstad, Knut Endre; Simonsen, Siri L.; Andersen, Tom

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.07.008

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The 206 Pb/ 207 Pb ratios of bullets sold in Israel and Norway vary from 1.10 to 1.30 and from 1.04 to 1.23 respectively (Zeichner et al, 2006;Sjåstad et al, 2014). The 206 Pb/ 207 Pb values of the soils inferred to be polluted with Pb bullets and pellets fall within these ranges (Table 2).…”

Section: Anthropogenic Pb Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 89%

Factors controlling the oral bioaccessibility of anthropogenic Pb in polluted soils

Walraven¹,

Bakker

et al. 2015

Science of The Total Environment

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Section: Anthropogenic Pb Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 89%

Factors controlling the oral bioaccessibility of anthropogenic Pb in polluted soils

Walraven¹,

Bakker

et al. 2015

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Bimodal or even trimodal distributions may be seen. In addition, continuous mixing lines of lead [28] with different isotopic ratios originating from different isotopically distinct sources of lead [21]. Earlier work has described rather significant variation of the observed isotopic composition of bullets within a single box, but no attempts to give a realistic model of these variations has been provided.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The data used in this paper are measurements of the lead isotope compositions from .22 (5.56mm) small arms bullets published earlier [21]; however new observations with variation within a lot from one manufacturer have been added.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This paper will focus on evaluation of lead isotope evidence as a continuation on an earlier paper by Sjåstad et. al [21]. Our intention is to present an accessible and simple classification method for the evaluation of bullet lead data which does not compromise the precision of the underlying statistical treatment.…”

Section: The Classification Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To ensure a wide geographical spread, 20 manufacturers were selected and a total of 33 separate boxes were examined, three of which came from the same lot of ammunitions out of the manufacturers (see [21] and table B.1 for details). A minimum of five bullets from each box were analysed, as this in any forensic casework might represent the only available material representing a collection of bullets.…”

Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

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Lead isotope ratios for bullets, forensic evaluation in a Bayesian paradigm

Sjåstad

Lucy

Andersen

2016

Talanta

Self Cite

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High Frequency of Lead Exposure in the Population of an Endangered Australian Top Predator, the Tasmanian Wedge‐Tailed Eagle (Aquila audax fleayi)

Pay

Katzner

Hawkins

et al. 2020

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Lead poisoning, mainly through incidental ingestion of lead ammunition in carcasses, is a threat to scavenging and predatory bird species worldwide. In Australia, shooting for animal control is widespread, and a range of native scavenging species are susceptible to lead exposure. However, the prevalence of lead exposure in Australia's scavenging and predatory birds is largely unknown. We evaluated the degree to which the Tasmanian wedge-tailed eagle (Aquila audax fleayi), an endangered Australian raptor and facultative scavenger, showed evidence of lead exposure. We detected lead in 100% of femur and liver tissues of 109 eagle carcasses opportunistically collected throughout Tasmania between 1996 and 2018. Concentrations were elevated in 10% of 106 liver (>6 mg/kg dry wt) and 4% of 108 femur (>10 mg/kg dry wt) samples. We also detected lead in 96% of blood samples taken from 24 live nestlings, with 8% at elevated concentrations (>10 μg/dL). Of the liver samples with elevated lead, 73% had lead 207/206 isotope ratios within the published range of lead-based bullets available in Tasmania. These first comprehensive data on lead exposure of an Australian raptor are comparable to those for raptor studies elsewhere that identify lead-based ammunition exposure as a conservation threat. Our findings highlight the importance of further research and efforts to address lead contamination throughout the Tasmanian ecosystem and in other Australian regions.

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Lead isotope ratios for bullets, a descriptive approach for investigative purposes and a new method for sampling of bullet lead

Cited by 19 publications

References 13 publications

Factors controlling the oral bioaccessibility of anthropogenic Pb in polluted soils

Factors controlling the oral bioaccessibility of anthropogenic Pb in polluted soils

Lead isotope ratios for bullets, forensic evaluation in a Bayesian paradigm

High Frequency of Lead Exposure in the Population of an Endangered Australian Top Predator, the Tasmanian Wedge‐Tailed Eagle (Aquila audax fleayi)

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