Leaders' Conceptual Complexity and Foreign Policy Change: Comparing the Bill Clinton and George W. Bush Foreign Policies toward China

Yang, Yi

doi:10.1093/cjip/poq015

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Therefore, while qualitative case study analyses lack substantiated and replicable selection criteria (Rynhold 2007;Yang 2010;Eidenfalk 2009; Doeser 2011; Ziv 2011; Doeser 2013; Doeser and Eidenfalk 2013), quantitative frameworks have failed to create a specific concept-related measurement of FPS (Huxsoll 2003;Mattes, Leeds and Carroll 2015). Despite presenting a convincing measurement metric for FPC, Volgy and Kenski's (1976; concept of "distance change" is too complex and diverse to be widely used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Policy Windows for Foreign Policy Shifts in Latin American and Caribbean States

Sposito

2018

Rev. cienc. polít. (Santiago)

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Why do leaders choose to drastically alter their state's international behavior? This article aims to identify common domestic and international conditions that led to a foreign policy shift (FPS). Given the difficulty associated with defining and measuring an FPS, this study advances a replicable and theoretically informed definition to guide case selection. This avoids both the type of selection bias evident in many previous qualitative analyses and the use of measurements that are not closely related to the concept as in preceding quantitative research designs. The subsequent historical analysis of FPSs in Latin America and the Caribbean between 1945 and 2008 identifies two causal paths that led to FPS. By one account, growing discontent with longstanding dictatorships led to political polarization and subsequent succession crises, including civil wars and/or international military intervention, from which new regimes/leaders emerged. By another, international isolation worsened economic conditions, causing leaders to implement administrative reforms to alter their foreign policy by conceding to pressures from major powers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Policy Windows for Foreign Policy Shifts in Latin American and Caribbean States

Sposito

2018

Rev. cienc. polít. (Santiago)

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“…Na literatura que estuda especificamente processos de MPE, os principais avanços foram no desenvolvimento de conceitos, explicação de motivos e identificação dos condicionantes de casos de MPE (HUGHES; VOLGY, 1970;KENSKI, , 1982QUISTGARD, 1977;HOLSTI, 1982;GOLDMANN, 1988;HAGAN, 1989;HERMANN, 1990;CARLSNAES, 1993;CHECKEL, 1993;ZHANG, 1993;GUSTAVSSON, 1998GUSTAVSSON, , 1999KLEISTRA;MEYER, 2001;HUXSOLL, 2003;GEORGESCU, 2004;GORJÃO, 2005;WELCH, 2005;EIDENFALK, 2006;NIKLASSON, 2006;RYNHOLD, 2007;RATNER, 2009;BLAVOUKOS;BOURANTONIS, 2010;TSYGANHOV, 2010;YANG, 2010;YANG, 2010;ZIV, 2011;CARROLL;LEEDS;MATTES, 2012;DOESER, 2013).…”

Section: Lista De Gráficosunclassified

“…Pesquisas que buscam analisar a mudança de comportamento em determinado tema específico de política externa ou no processo decisório em momentos de crise podem direcionar a análise ao nível individual e na tomada de decisões em grupos pequenos, como faz parte literatura que estuda MPE (BLAVOUKOS; BOURANTONIS, 2010;CHECKEL, 1993;DOESER, 2013;GORJÃO, 2005;GUSTAVSSON, 1998GUSTAVSSON, , 1999YANG, 2010;ZHANG, 1993;ZIV, 2011 Assim, a hegemonia norte-americana sobre a América Latina foi determinante sobre a instabilidade da política externa dos países da região. Para manter sua hegemonia, o uso destas ferramentas foi constante, resultando em rupturas na política externa destes países, enquanto se mantinha a estabilidade do sistema hemisférico como um todo.…”

Section: Comentários Finaisunclassified

Redirecionamento na política externa brasileira: uma análise comparativa dos governos Castello Branco (1964-1967) e Fernando Collor (1990-1992)

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“…Na literatura que estuda especificamente processos de MPE, os principais avanços foram no desenvolvimento de conceitos, explicação de motivos e identificação dos condicionantes de casos de MPE (HUGHES;VOLGY, 1970;QISTGARD, 1977;HOLSTI, 1982;GOLDMANN, 1988;HAGAN, 1989;HERMANN, 1990;CARLSNAES, 1993;CHECKEL, 1993;ZHANG, 1993;GUSTAVSSON, 1998GUSTAVSSON, , 1999KLEISTRA;MEYER, 2001;HUXSOLL, 2003;GEORGESCU, 2004;GORJÃO, 2005;WELCH, 2005;EIDENFALK, 2006;NIKLASSON, 2006;RYNHOLD, 2007;RATNER, 2009;BLAVOUKOS;BOURANTONIS, 2010;TSYGANHOV, 2010;YANG, 2010;YANG, 2010;ZIV, 2011;CARROLL;LEEDS;MATTES, 2012;DOESER, 2013).…”

Section: Gráficounclassified

“…Assim, estudos direcionados a estudar especificamente processos de RPE devem focar nas mudanças nos principais cargos executivos e na fonte de apoio do grupo no poder, seguindo os estudos de Carroll, Leeds e Mattes (2012) e Hagan (1989) 70 . Pesquisas que buscam analisar a mudança de comportamento em determinado tema específico de política externa ou no processo decisório em momentos de crise podem direcionar a análise ao nível individual e na tomada de decisões em grupos pequenos, como faz parte literatura que estuda MPE (BLAVOUKOS; BOURANTONIS, 2010;CHECKEL, 1993;DOESER, 2013;GORJÃO, 2005;GUSTAVSSON, 1998GUSTAVSSON, , 1999YANG, 2010;ZHANG, 1993;ZIV, 2011).…”

Section: Comentários Finaisunclassified

Continuidade e mudança na política externa dos estados latino-americanos (1945-2008)

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Introduction: This thesis object is the foreign policy restructuring (FPR)conceptualized as the most radical, encompassing, and fast changes in foreign policy. To analyze this phenomenon, there will be sought the main conjuncture conditions that might enhance the chances of this event occurrence. These conditions are related to the Policy Window concept, that represents a period during which the political inertia is disrupted and decision makers have the circumstances to undertake a FPR process. Objective: find and outline the conjectural conditions and variables that increase the chances of occurrence of a FPR. Methods: it will be used qualitative and quantitative methodological tools. In the second chapter, a survival model (Cox Proportional Hazard Model) analyses the effect variables related to the Policy Window concept over the risks of happening a FPR, defined as the most extreme changes of behavior in United Nations General Assembly roll-call votes. In the third chapter, a historical qualitative analysis is undertaken focusing exclusively on the most radical cases of FPR to develop explanatory typologies in order to identify causal conjunctures and common patters that lead to the outcome. Results: we identified that regime and political leader changes, in the national context, and military interventions by foreign powers enhance the risks of FPR occurrence; additionally, high political polarization combined with regime change, political crisis with international forces involvement, processes of international isolation with economic sanctions enforcement, and economic crises with political actors questioning the current economic model might be combined, configuring causal paths to a FPR. Conclusion: despite the importance of main political actors interest in implementing a FPR process, we identified that specific conjunctures and events raise the risks of a positive outcome.

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Leaders' Conceptual Complexity and Foreign Policy Change: Comparing the Bill Clinton and George W. Bush Foreign Policies toward China

Cited by 29 publications

References 2 publications

Policy Windows for Foreign Policy Shifts in Latin American and Caribbean States

Policy Windows for Foreign Policy Shifts in Latin American and Caribbean States

Redirecionamento na política externa brasileira: uma análise comparativa dos governos Castello Branco (1964-1967) e Fernando Collor (1990-1992)

Continuidade e mudança na política externa dos estados latino-americanos (1945-2008)

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