Leaf anatomy with emphasis on separation of two species of Varronia P.Br. (Cordiaceae) of the Brazilian semi-arid region

Tölke, Elisabeth Emília Augusta Dantas; Melo, José Iranildo Miranda de; Carmello-Guerreiro, Sandra Maria; Lacchia, Ana Paula Stechhahn

doi:10.1007/s40415-013-0022-5

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Some recent treatments have followed a broad circumscription of Boraginaceae (i.e., including traditional Boraginaceae, Hoplestigmataceae, Hydrophyllaceae, and Lenno aceae) as recommended by the APG systems (e.g., Judd & al., 2008;Mabberley, 2008;Stapf, 2009;Simpson, 2010;Reveal, 2011, 2012; Acevedo-Rodríguez & Strong, 2012;Nazaire & Hufford, 2012;Walden & Patterson, 2012;Walden & al., 2014). However, most recent studies of Boraginales or its subgroups favor the recognition of several families (Gasparino & Vitorino da Cruz Barros, 2009;Melo & al., 2009;Véliz Pérez & al., 2009;Luebert & al., 2010Luebert & al., , 2011aMelo & Semir 2010;Stapf & al., 2010;Weeks & al., 2010;Campos-Ríos & Chiang Cabrera, 2012;Miller, 2012Miller, , 2013aStutzman & al., 2012;Luebert, 2013;Stapf & Silva, 2013a, b;Tölke & al., 2013;Cohen, 2014;Gottschling & al., 2014a, b;Refulio-Rodríguez & Olmstead, 2014;Weigend & al., 2014;Irimia & al., 2015;Liu & al., 2015;. This view has been adopted in several recent floristic and taxonomic treatments, such as Flora critica d'Italia (Cecchi & Selvi, 2015a, b), Flora Mesoamericana (Davidse & al., 2012, Families and Genera of Vascular Plants (Kadereit & Bittrich, 2016), Angiosperm Phylogeny Website (Stevens, 2001-), and has recently been incorporated in the most important German botanical textbook (Kadereit &...…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Familial classification of the Boraginales

Luebert

Cecchi

Frohlich

et al. 2016

TAXON

112

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The Boraginales are now universally accepted as monophyletic and firmly placed in Lamiidae. However, a consensus about familial classification has remained elusive, with some advocating recognition of a single, widely variable family, and others proposing recognition of several distinct families. A consensus classification is proposed here, based on recent molecular phylogenetic studies, morphological characters, and taking nomenclatural stability into consideration. We suggest the recognition of eleven, morphologically well-defined and clearly monophyletic families, namely the Boraginaceae s.str., Codonaceae, Coldeniaceae fam. nov., Cordiaceae, Ehretiaceae, Heliotropiaceae, Hoplestigmataceae, Hydrophyllaceae, Lennoaceae, Namaceae, and Wellstediaceae. Descriptions, synonomy, a taxonomic key, and a list of genera for these eleven families are provided, including the new family Coldeniaceae (monogeneric) and Namaceae (segregated from Hydrophyllaceae and comprising Nama, Eriodictyon, Turricula, and Wigandia), the latter necessitating a revised circumscription of a more morphologically coherent Hydrophyllaceae. Keywords angiosperms; Boraginaceae; Boraginales; classification; family; plant taxonomy Boraginales Working Group • Families of Boraginales 503Version of Record TAXON 65 (3) • June 2016: 502-522 Boraginaceae in this traditional sense (Candolle, 1845; Bentham & Hooker, 1876;Gürke, 1893;Engler, 1898;Pilger & Krause, 1915) were subdivided into five subfamilies, namely Boraginoideae, Cordioideae, Ehretioideae, Heliotropioideae and Wellstedioideae. In pre-molecular times most scientists accepted this circumscription of Boraginaceae (e.g., Chadefaud & Emberger, 1960;Melchior, 1964b;Takhtajan, 1980Takhtajan, , 1997 Cronquist, 1981 Cronquist, , 1988Thorne, 1992), although some authors recognized one or the other subfamily at the family level. For example, Svensson (1925) andDi Fulvio (1978) removed Cordioideae, Heliotropioideae and Ehretioideae to Heliotropi aceae based on embryological studies, while Merxmüller (1960), Dahlgren (1980), and Takhtajan (1987) treated Wellstedioideae at the family level as Wellstediaceae. Conversely, Hoplestigmataceae, Hydrophyllaceae, and Lennoaceae were generally accepted as distinct families. However, the close relationships of these taxa to traditional Boraginaceae has been widely acknowledged by several authors (e.g., Jussieu, 1789; Baillon, 1891;Peter, 1893;Svensson, 1925; Chadefaud & Emberger, 1960; Melchior, 1964a, c;Takhtajan, 1980; Cronquist, 1981 Cronquist, , 1988. For example, Baillon (1891) defined the Boraginaceae as comprising nine series, which included both Boraginaceae and Hydrophyllaceae in their traditional circumscriptions. Chadefaud & Emberger (1960) considered Boraginaceae, Hoplestigmataceae, Hydrophyllaceae, and Lennoaceae to form a natural group within the order Tubiflorales. Takhtajan (1980) included these same families in the suborder Boraginineae.On the other hand, three groups historically associated to Boraginaceae have been clearly sho...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Familial classification of the Boraginales

Luebert

Cecchi

Frohlich

et al. 2016

TAXON

112

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“…Similar crystals were observed in the case of EN. These crystals played functions associated to resistance, defense, and ionic balance in plants (Tölke et al, 2013). In case of Glochidion hohencki , Drypetes venusta , and Acalypha indica , granular matter (starch grains) was observed in the pith cells while in Homalanthus polyandrous , Euphorbia leucocephala , and Baliospermum axillare , they were reported in cortex and pith cells (Thakur & Patil, 2012).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microscopic characterization, TLC fingerprinting and optimization of total lipid content from Euphorbia neriifolia (L.) using response surface methodology

Chaudhary,

Meena,

Janmeda

2023

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Euphorbia neriifolia (EN) is a medicinal plant used to treat a variety of ailments in traditional systems. Despite numerous studies on pharmacological activities, no information was available on the microscopic study of this plant. This is the first study that has been attempted to fill this need by performing the light and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) of leaf, stem, and latex. The powder microscopy of several organs (leaves, stem, and bark) and exudate (latex) of EN was carried out using safranine, fast green, phloroglucinol, and other standard solutions at different magnifications. The chemical fingerprinting of petroleum ether extract was accomplished by using thin layer chromatography. The optimization of total lipid content from the EN leaf under ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) and soxhlet extraction (SE) procedure was determined using response surface methodology (RSM). The studied factors that affect the lipid content were: solvent ratio, extraction temperature, and extraction time. Several notable characteristics observed in the leaf of EN are amphistomatic leaves with anticlinical cell walls, anomocytic stomata, spongy mesophyll cells, elongated palisade cells, angular collenchyma, and U‐shaped vascular bundle. The plano‐convex midrib is covered by polygonal to oval‐shaped cuticles and contains anomocytic stomata. The circular petiole has no trichomes and contains laticifers, crystals, and idioblasts. The circular stem was observed with trichomes, hypodermis, collenchyma, parenchymatous cells, central pith, pentagonal stellar region, cambium, and 2–4 times more xylem that of phloem. All of the powdered plant parts and exudate under study contained trichomes, xylem vessels, wood fibers, cork cells, starch grains, calcium oxalate crystals, idioblasts, lignified cork, tannin content, stone cells, and oil globules. The blackish‐green colored petroleum ether extract with semi‐solid consistency showed the greatest percent (%) yield of 4% in the latex of EN. The thin layer chromatography (TLC) examination of petroleum ether extract of EN leaf produced a maximum 6 spots with Rf values of 0.16, 0.58, 0.62, 0.73, and 0.96 in the mobile phase of petroleum ether‐acetone (8:2). In terms of optimization, the dark green colored UAE extract with semi‐sticky consistency showed highest % yield of 4.5% whereas the yellowish green colored SE extract of sticky consistency showed the highest % yield of 4.9%. The findings showed that there were not many differences in the total lipid content between UAE (0.16%) and SE (0.11%). However, the best optimum condition for lipid content extraction analysis was obtained as follows: solvent ratio (PE:HE) 50:50, extraction temperature 50°C, extraction time 45 min for UAE, and solvent ratio (PE:HE) 60:40, extraction temperature 45°C, and extraction time of 24 h for SE. Hence, this study signifies the various noteworthy microscopic features along with the presence of different phytocompounds through TLC and best optimized condition for the extraction of lipids from different parts of EN. As no previous study has been reported, the outcomes obtained from the current study prove to be beneficial in the identification of species, quality control, and detection of any adulteration from the laboratory and commercial samples of EN.Research Highlights The percent yield was found to be maximum in latex extract (4%). The leaf pet ether extract was separated into 6 bands with different Rf values. The extracted compounds from Euphorbia neriifolia leaves were categorized into non‐polar heat tolerant. The highest total lipid yield (0.1119) was obtained at solvent ratios 60:40 of PE:HE (petroleum ether: petroleum hexane).

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“…Nuestros resultados apoyan a Watson (1992), ya que observamos hojas hipostomáticas en V. linnaei, V. bullata y V. inermis (población de Río Guanábano) y hojas anfiestomáticas en las poblaciones de V. inermis de Limones y Alanje. Además, Tölke et al (2013), reportaron hojas hipostomáticas en V. leucocephala y hojas anfiestomáticas en V. globosa. Tricomas simples con base pluricelular en forma de roseta junto a tricomas glandulares en V. bullata.…”

Section: Posición Y Tipo De Estomasunclassified

“…De esta forma se puede manifestar que es posible una separación de las tres especies del complejo Varronia bullata, utilizando las variables escogidas para el estudio. Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio coinciden con los trabajos de Metcalfe y Chalk (1950), Watson (1992), Estrada (1995), Dasti (2003) y Tölke et al (2013), quienes reportaron una epidermis uniestratificada, mesófilo dorsiventral, tricomas sobre bases cistolíticas y la presencia de inclusiones celulares para el género Varronia. Vilela (1996), manifiesta que la anatomía en las plantas es considerada, junto con las características morfológicas, ecológicas y genéticas, como una valiosa herramienta para la clasificación de los distintos taxa.…”

Section: Posición Y Tipo De Estomasunclassified

MORFOANATOMÍA FOLIAR COMO EVIDENCIA TAXONÓMICA EN LA DELIMITACIÓN DE LAS ESPECIES QUE FORMAN EL COMPLEJO Varronia bullata (CORDIACEAE)

2020

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El género neotropical Varronia P. Browne es uno de los más problemáticos, taxonómicamente, entre las Boraginales. Esto puede deberse a la frecuente superposición de los límites entre la variación intra e interespecífica de algunos caracteres. La finalidad de este trabajo fue explorar el potencial de los caracteres morfoanatómicos foliares para la delimitación de las especies que se encuentran dentro del complejo Varronia bullata en Panamá: Varronia inermis (Mill.) Borhidi, Varronia bullata L. y Varronia linnaei (Stearn) J.S. Mill. Para esto, se colectaron hojas maduras en diferentes poblaciones de cada especie. Se realizaron cortes transversales y se obtuvieron secciones superficiales de la lámina foliar, los cuales fueron utilizados para cuantificar y cualificar caracteres morfoanatómicos previamente seleccionados. La información cuantitativa fue sometida a un análisis canónico discriminante. Los resultados del análisis canónico discriminante mostraron que la densidad de los tricomas simples en la epidermis abaxial y la longitud de los tricomas simples en la epidermis adaxial, son los caracteres que presentan mayor influencia en la separación de las especies; por otro lado, a manera descriptiva se refleja que la presencia de sales cristalinas, el tipo de tricomas y la distribución de los estomas también contribuyen en la separación taxonómica de las especies.

show abstract

Leaf anatomy with emphasis on separation of two species of Varronia P.Br. (Cordiaceae) of the Brazilian semi-arid region

Cited by 9 publications

References 30 publications

Familial classification of the Boraginales

Familial classification of the Boraginales

Microscopic characterization, TLC fingerprinting and optimization of total lipid content from Euphorbia neriifolia (L.) using response surface methodology

MORFOANATOMÍA FOLIAR COMO EVIDENCIA TAXONÓMICA EN LA DELIMITACIÓN DE LAS ESPECIES QUE FORMAN EL COMPLEJO Varronia bullata (CORDIACEAE)

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