Learning and memory impairment in adult rats due to severe zinc deficiency during lactation

Halas, Edward S.; Eberhardt, Marilou J.; Diers, Martin; Sandstead, Harold H.

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(83)90140-3

Cited by 118 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Maternal zinc deprivation during the last one third of pregnancy in rats and monkeys adversely affected subsequent behavior of offspring [24]. Similarly impairments in learning and memory impairment were observed in adult rats whose mothers were subjected to severe zinc deficiency during pregnancy and lactation [9], [10]. Histological abnormalities were evident in the cerebellum and hippocampus in rats with late prenatal and/or early postnatal zinc deficiency [6][7][8], [25], [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Granule cell neurons were sharply reduced in cell number, Purkinje cell maturation was impaired, and differentiation of basket and stellate cell dendrites was reduced. In other studies, adult rats showed significant learning and memory deficits if their mothers were mildly or severely zinc deficient during late pregnancy and lactation [9], [10]. In our previous studies, we used a different model, in which maternal zinc deficiency was initiated on the first day of pregnancy and continued throughout the period of lactation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maternal zinc deficiency impairs brain nestin expression in prenatal and postnatal mice

et al. 2001

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Effects of maternal dietary zinc deficiency on prenatal and postnatal brain development were investigated in ICR strain mice. From d 1 of pregnancy (E0) until postnatal d 20 (P20), maternal mice were fed experimental diets that contained 1 mg Zn/kg/day (severe zinc deficient, SZD), 5 mg Zn/kg/day (marginal zinc deficient, MZD), 30 mg Zn/kg/day (zinc adequately supplied, ZA) or 100 mg Zn/kg/day (zinc supplemented, ZS and pair-fed, PF). Brains of offspring from these dietary groups were examined at various developmental stages for expression of nestin, an intermediate filament protein found in neural stem cells and young neurons. Immunocytochemistry showed nestin expression in neural tube 10.5 d post citrus (dpc) as well as in the cerebral cortex and neural tube from 10.5 dpc to postnatal d 10 (P10). Nestin immunoreactivities in both brain and neural tube of those zinc-supplemented control groups (ZA, ZS, PF) were stronger than those in zinc-deficient groups (SZD and MZD). Western blot analysis confirmed that nestin levels in pooled brain extracts from each of the zinc-supplemented groups (ZA, ZS, PF) were much higher than those from the zinc-deficient groups (SZD and MZD) from 10.5 dpc to P10. Immunostaining and Western blots showed no detectable nestin in any of the experimental and control group brains after P20. These observations of an association between maternal zinc deficiency and decreased nestin protein levels in brains of offspring suggest that zinc deficiency suppresses development of neural stem cells, an effect which may lead to neuroanatomical and behavioral abnormalities in adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal zinc deficiency impairs brain nestin expression in prenatal and postnatal mice

et al. 2001

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“…Adult nutritionally rehabilitated offspring also displayed impaired working memory of a 17-arm radial maze (345).…”

Section: Importance Of Zinc To Brain Devel-opment and Function: Animamentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc: Health Effects and Research Priorities for the 1990s

Walsh¹,

Sandstead²,

Prasad³

et al. 1994

Environmental Health Perspectives

156

225

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This review critically summarizes the literature on the spectrum of health effects of zinc status, ranging from symptoms of zinc deficiency to excess exposure. Studies on zinc intake are reviewed in relation to optimum requirements as a function of age and sex. Current knowledge on the biochemical properties of zinc which are critical to the essential role of this metal in biological systems is summarized. Dietary and physiological factors influencing the bioavailability and utilization of zinc are considered with special attention to interactions with iron and copper status. The effects of zinc deficiency and toxicity are reviewed with respect to specific organs, immunological and reproductive function, and genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. Finally, key questions are identified where research is needed, such as the risks to human health of altered environmental distribution of zinc, assessment of zinc status in humans, effects of zinc status in relation to other essential metals on immune function, reproduction, neurological function, and the cardiovascular system, and mechanistic studies to further elucidate the biological effects of zinc at the molecular level. - There is considerable evidence that zinc deficiency in humans is a serious worldwide problem and outweighs the potential problem of accidental, self-imposed, or environmental exposure to zinc excess. Acute deficiency (1) and chronic deficiency (2) are well-known entities in human populations and are probably much more common than generally recognized. The importance of zinc for human health was first documented in 1963 (3) Telephone (617) (617) 638-4329. E-mail: ctwalsh~bu.edu renal disease, and other chronically debilitating diseases are now known to be predisposing factors for zinc deficiency in humans (4).Zinc deficiency is reflected in clinical syndromes which affect men and women of all ages and all socioeconomic and cultural classes in the United States. It is neither prevalent in any specific area of the United States nor associated with any specific or definitive biochemical marker, which can make its identification difficult and confusing. Its presence is manifested by a wide spectrum of symptoms, from acute, life threatening problems to mild subclinical or marginal disorders which may only vaguely disturb well being. The acute problems are often seen in profoundly ill patients treated in hospitals, whereas subclinical problems may be so vague that patients seek assistance outside traditional medical practice.Based upon clinical data and using traditional, epidemiologic techniques, Henkin and Aamodt (5) have reclassified zinc deficiency into three syndromes; these are a) acute, b) chronic, and c) subacute zinc deficiency. Acute zinc deficiency is relatively uncommon and follows parenteral hyperalimentation or oral L-histidine administration. Chronic zinc deficiency is more common, usually resulting from chronic dietary lack of zinc. Subacute or latent zinc deficiency is the most common of these syndromes. It is estimated that there are 4...

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“…It has been used extensively in studies of spatial memory in animals 14,26,27,37 , including studies of the physiological 2,9,10,12,15,17,19,21,30,44,46 , pharmacological 11,12,31,48 , and developmental 8,13,47 components of spatial memory. Radial maze performance has been examined for a variety of species 1,3,6,32,39,40,49 and under a variety of test procedures 5,18,20,38,45,50,51 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Interactions between response stereotypy and memory strategies on the eight-arm radial maze

Dale

Innis

1986

Behavioural Brain Research

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!Three groups of water-deprived rats collected water from the ends of the 8 arms of an 8-arm radial maze. Sighted subjects, and subjects blinded either with or without pre-enucleation experience on the radial maze, all retrieved the water efficiently. Most of the subjects exhibited the same response stereotypy, regularly choosing 8 adjacent arms of the maze, then stopping in the center of the maze. The strategies underlying this performance were analyzed by interrupting trials and rotating the maze 180° after the subject had made 3 choices. Sighted subjects depended on extramaze stimuli, naive-blind subjects depended on intramaze stimuli and experienced-blind subjects ignored their initial 3 choices after the trial was interrupted. Choice accuracy was equally good whether the subject was returned to the position from which it had been removed, or returned to the opposite side of the central platform. All 3 groups of subjects maintained their stereotyped adjacent-arm responding only as long as such responding was consistent with high choice accuracy. Response stereotypy was prevalent on the radial maze, but response strategies were secondary to memory strategies.

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Learning and memory impairment in adult rats due to severe zinc deficiency during lactation

Cited by 118 publications

References 23 publications

Maternal zinc deficiency impairs brain nestin expression in prenatal and postnatal mice

Maternal zinc deficiency impairs brain nestin expression in prenatal and postnatal mice

Zinc: Health Effects and Research Priorities for the 1990s

Interactions between response stereotypy and memory strategies on the eight-arm radial maze

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