“…Some selection criteria that have been considered by researchers are overall investment cost, reliability, renewable fraction, etc. Examples of the meta-heuristic techniques in GEP literature include genetic algorithm, 7,12,29,45,74,91,95,118,120,[150][151][152][153][154][155][156][157] PSO, 89,95,136,[158][159][160][161][162] simulated annealing, 29,95,118 differential evolution, [49][50][51][52]55,163 ant colony optimisation, 29 artificial immune system, 87,122 frog leaping algorithm, 119,121,164 bee algorithm, 165,166 fuzzy and expert system, 128,129,[167][168][169][170] and tabu search 29,95,154 ; methods such as harmony search, biogeography, and hill climbing have found application in TEP and offer promising applications in GEP problems.…”