Lectin Binding to Extracellularly Melanized Microfilariae of Brugia malayi from the Hemocoel of Anopheles quadrimaculatus

Nayar, Jai K.; Mikarts, L.L.; Chikilian, Marta L.; Knight, J. W.; Bradley, Timothy J.

doi:10.1006/jipa.1995.1101

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Lectins function as PRRs for both bacteria and filarial worms during the innate immune response of Ar. subalbatus as well as in other mosquito species [ 42 , 43 ]. Therefore, the peptidoglycan recognition protein, C-type lectins, and calreticulin detected in the current study may play roles in the anti-filarial worm immune response in Ar.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosquito transcriptome changes and filarial worm resistance in Armigeres subalbatus

et al. 2007

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BackgroundArmigeres subalbatus is a natural vector of the filarial worm Brugia pahangi, but it rapidly and proficiently kills Brugia malayi microfilariae by melanotic encapsulation. Because B. malayi and B. pahangi are morphologically and biologically similar, the Armigeres-Brugia system serves as a valuable model for studying the resistance mechanisms in mosquito vectors. We have initiated transcriptome profiling studies in Ar. subalbatus to identify molecular components involved in B. malayi refractoriness.ResultsThese initial studies assessed the transcriptional response of Ar. subalbatus to B. malayi at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hrs after an infective blood feed. In this investigation, we initiated the first holistic study conducted on the anti-filarial worm immune response in order to effectively explore the functional roles of immune-response genes following a natural exposure to the parasite. Studies assessing the transcriptional response revealed the involvement of unknown and conserved unknowns, cytoskeletal and structural components, and stress and immune responsive factors. The data show that the anti-filarial worm immune response by Ar. subalbatus to be a highly complex, tissue-specific process involving varied effector responses working in concert with blood cell-mediated melanization.ConclusionThis initial study provides a foundation and direction for future studies, which will more fully dissect the nature of the anti-filarial worm immune response in this mosquito-parasite system. The study also argues for continued studies with RNA generated from both hemocytes and whole bodies to fully expound the nature of the anti-filarial worm immune response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosquito transcriptome changes and filarial worm resistance in Armigeres subalbatus

et al. 2007

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“…In mosquitoes, the actual encapsulation response towards Plasmodium öokinetes and oocysts, and to filarial worms has been described many times (e.g. reviewed by Christensen, 1986;Paskewitz et al, 1988;Nayar et al, 1995;Nigam et al, 1996;Paskewitz & Christensen, 1996;Vernick, 1997; and differences are apparent between the responses mounted towards these parasites. Thus, with Plasmodium öokinetes and oocysts in refractory mosquitoes, once the parasite has penetrated the midgut epithelium and lies between the midgut basal membrane and the basal lamina, as early as 16 h after a blood meal, then granules of melanin begin to be deposited to form a melanotic capsule around the parasite.…”

Section: The Haemolymph Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also relevant are the lectin-binding properties reported for the melanotic capsules of Anopheles quadrimaculatus around Br. malayi, indicating the presence of several glycoproteins (Nayar et al, 1995). Since melanotic encapsulation has been reported to occur mainly in several mosquito species with high levels of haemagglutinins (Nayar & Knight, 1997) these molecules may bind to the carbohydrates in the wall of the microfilariae to activate the PpO system and produce the capsular material.…”

Section: The Haemolymph Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

Microbe-vector Interactions in Vector-borne Diseases

Gillespie¹,

Smith²,

Osbourn³

2001

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Several billion people are at daily risk of life-threatening vector-borne diseases such as malaria, trypanosomiasis and dengue, and the dark shadow of plague hovers in the few endemic foci where it waits ready to re-emerge in a deadly pandemic. The abortive attempt to control malaria in the 1960s showed us the problem that we face in eradicating vector-borne diseases. Research into these tropical diseases fell into neglect during the 1960s, but in the 1970s research was once more directed towards vectorborne diseases and more recent initiatives such as the Roll Back Malaria Campaign have kept them in the international spotlight. If we are not to repeat the mistakes of the past it will be necessary to use all of our knowledge of vector biology.cambridge university press Cambridge

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