Left atrial dilatation in undetermined group according to TOAST classification: echocardiographic assessment of stroke patients

Abstract

Th is paper presents the author's integrated regional studies during the last decade. Th e main purpose is to present an overall understanding of the geological structure, sedimentary basins and hydrocarbon systems of the whole Western Black Sea Zone (WBSZ). Th is study is based on original data from boreholes, seismic and gravity-magnetic surveys and hydrocarbon accumulations.Many geophysical borehole data obtained for WBSZ during the last 3-4 decades were interpreted mostly at a national level using diff erent approaches, terminology and nomenclature for the same or similar lithostratigraphic and tectonic units. Th erefore, a unifi ed approach to interpretation of borehole-seismic data and correlation of stratigraphic, sedimentological and tectonic units has a key importance for overall clarifi cation of the deep geological structure and the hydrocarbon challenges.A set of regional geological cross-sections along good quality basic seismic lines and basic boreholes was constructed. A detailed tectonic map of the WBSZ has been compiled by integrated interpretation of seismic borehole and gravitymagnetic data. Th e defi nition of hydrocarbon systems and promising exploration trends is made by source rock assessment, Oil-Oil and Oil-Source rock correlations, analyses of the reservoir/seal pairs and the hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. Genetic correlations are based on many Rock-Eval, Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and carbon isotope analyses.Th e complex geological structure of the WBSZ is defi ned by four groups of tectonic units: (1) Western Black Sea basin (WBSB) -its western zone with the Kamchia and the Histria westward wedging branches (sub-basins); ( 2) portions of the Moesian, Scythian and East European platforms; (3) fragments of the North Dobrogea, Eastern Balkan, Eastern Srednogorie and Strandzha orogens; (4) Burgas and Babadag basins.Four diff erent oil genetic types have been identifi ed. Th ree main hydrocarbon systems with economic potential are defi ned, they relate to: WBSB and its Histria and Kamchia branches, the East-Varna trough and the Bourgas basin. Conceptual models for hydrocarbon systems and their prospect exploration trends are constructed.

Left atrial dilatation frequency in the ischemic stroke

“…In our study, we detected significant involvement of AF in cardioembolic strokes. In our country Takoğlu, et al observed also the same result in the undetermined LAD group (p<0.038) [32]. …”

Diagnostic value of STAF score in combination with D-dimer in cardioembolism

“…Second, compared to other types of ischemic stroke, CE has a more abrupt onset with more severe conditions and a higher NIHSS score [ 16 , 17 ]. Third, a number of recent studies have confirmed that left atrial enlargement is correlated with stroke and can increase the risk of stroke [ 18 – 20 ], especially the risk of CE [ 21 ].As an important etiological factor in stroke of undetermined etiology [ 22 ]and an independent risk factor for CE and the recurrence of cryptogenic stroke [ 23 ],left atrial enlargement is associated with the stroke severity [ 24 ].Additionally, left atrial enlargement may lead to local thrombosis [ 25 ]. Jaroch et al found that a left atrial diameter greater than 51 mm was an independent risk factor for predicting thrombus in the left atrial appendage [ 26 ].…”