Left breast radiotherapy – the impact of heart and left anterior descending artery doses to cardiovascular diseases developed eight years after treatment

Abstract

Introduction/Objective. Left breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy are at higher risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), as a partial volume of the heart is anatomically close to target volume. This may cause cardiovascular diseases in the years following cancer treatment. The aim of this work was to develop a scoring system which identifies patients with increased risk of development of cardiovascular diseases, as consequence of left breast irradiation. Methods. The patients followed up in this study were treated during 2009. Eight years later, they were invited to participate in a study where they underwent a cardiology evaluation. Their current condition was statistically correlated to the doses received by their heart and left anterior descendant (LAD) artery. Results. Out of 114 patients, thirty-one women were evaluable for cardiology assessment. Out of these 31 subjects, six women were with a history of CVD before cancer treatment. Four women never developed any kind of heart associated disease, while in the other 27, newly onset CVD were diagnosed ranging from hypertension to myocardial infarction, strongly positively correlated to doses to heart and LAD (p = 0.003). Severity of developed cardiovascular toxicity was formulated through the correlation of mean heart and mean LAD doses with cardiovascular diseases developed in form of the scoring system. Conclusion. The doses to critical organs depend on patient anatomy and technique of irradiation. The cardiovascular complications are proven as consequence of radiotherapy. Scoring system based on doses received by heart and LAD is reliable tool in predicting CVD.