Leishmaniaviruses

Carrión, Ricardo; Ro, Young Tae

doi:10.1016/b978-012374410-4.00566-5

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Using a modeling approach to estimate the LRV replication cycle, we hypothesized that the viral life cycle has the following characteristics: after transcription of dsRNA from mature viral particles, the transcription product is extruded from the capsid ( 51 ). Viral proteins are produced using IRES translation within the 5′-UTR, without the involvement of the capsid and low molar abundance of viral particles.…”

Section: Parasitic Protozoan: Structure and Life Cyclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Viral proteins are produced using IRES translation within the 5′-UTR, without the involvement of the capsid and low molar abundance of viral particles. As viral abundance increases, capsid endonuclease cleaves the viral transcript, which slows translation progress ( 51 ). The cleaved 5′-UTR and 3′-cleaved products compete for host proteins simultaneously, which may affect viral translation.…”

Section: Parasitic Protozoan: Structure and Life Cyclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple Regulations of Parasitic Protozoan Viruses: A Double-Edged Sword for Protozoa

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2023

mBio

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PPVs-based regulation of parasitic protozoa can provide a theoretical basis and direction for PPD prevention and control, although PPVs and PPV regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. In this review, we investigated the differences between PPVs and the unique properties of each virus regarding virus discovery, structures, and life cycles, focused on the Trichomonas vaginalis virus, Giardia lamblia virus, Leishmania RNA virus, and the Cryptosporidium parvum virus 1.

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Section: Parasitic Protozoan: Structure and Life Cyclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Parasitic Protozoan: Structure and Life Cyclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Regulations of Parasitic Protozoan Viruses: A Double-Edged Sword for Protozoa

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2023

mBio

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Antiviral screening identifies adenosine analogs targeting the endogenous dsRNALeishmaniaRNA virus 1 (LRV1) pathogenicity factor

Kuhlmann

Robinson

Bluemling

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The endogenous double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus Leishmaniavirus (LRV1) has been implicated as a pathogenicity factor for leishmaniasis in rodent models and human disease, and associated with drug-treatment failures in Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania guyanensis infections. Thus, methods targeting LRV1 could have therapeutic benefit. Here we screened a panel of antivirals for parasite and LRV1 inhibition, focusing on nucleoside analogs to capitalize on the highly active salvage pathways of Leishmania, which are purine auxotrophs. Applying a capsid flow cytometry assay, we identified two 2′-C-methyladenosine analogs showing selective inhibition of LRV1. Treatment resulted in loss of LRV1 with first-order kinetics, as expected for random virus segregation, and elimination within six cell doublings, consistent with a measured LRV1 copy number of about 15. Viral loss was specific to antiviral nucleoside treatment and not induced by growth inhibitors, in contrast to fungal dsRNA viruses. Comparisons of drug-treated LRV1 + and LRV1 − lines recapitulated LRV1-dependent pathology and parasite replication in mouse infections, and cytokine secretion in macrophage infections. Agents targeting Totiviridae have not been described previously, nor are there many examples of inhibitors acting against dsRNA viruses more generally. The compounds identified here provide a key proof-ofprinciple in support of further studies identifying efficacious antivirals for use in in vivo studies of LRV1-mediated virulence.trypanosomatid protozoan parasite | endobiont virus | viral segregation | chemotherapy | virulence

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Microbial Matryoshka: Addressing the Relationship between Pathogenic Flagellated Protozoans and Their RNA Viral Endosymbionts (Family Totiviridae)

Ibañez-Escribano,

Gomez-Muñoz,

Mateo

et al. 2024

Veterinary Sciences

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Three genera of viruses of the family Totiviridae establish endosymbiotic associations with flagellated protozoa responsible for parasitic diseases of great impact in the context of One Health. Giardiavirus, Trichomonasvirus, and Leishmaniavirus infect the protozoa Giardia sp., Trichomonas vaginalis, and Leishmania sp., respectively. In the present work, we review the characteristics of the endosymbiotic relationships established, the advantages, and the consequences caused in mammalian hosts. Among the common characteristics of these double-stranded RNA viruses are that they do not integrate into the host genome, do not follow a lytic cycle, and do not cause cytopathic effects. However, in cases of endosymbiosis between Leishmaniavirus and Leishmania species from the Americas, and between Trichomonasvirus and Trichomonas vaginalis, it seems that it can alter their virulence (degree of pathogenicity). In a mammalian host, due to TLR3 activation of immune cells upon the recognition of viral RNA, uncontrolled inflammatory signaling responses are triggered, increasing pathological damage and the risk of failure of conventional standard treatment. Endosymbiosis with Giardiavirus can cause the loss of intestinal adherence of the protozoan, resulting in a benign disease. The current knowledge about viruses infecting flagellated protozoans is still fragmentary, and more research is required to unravel the intricacies of this three-way relationship. We need to develop early and effective diagnostic methods for further development in the field of translational medicine. Taking advantage of promising biotechnological advances, the aim is to develop ad hoc therapeutic strategies that focus not only on the disease-causing protozoan but also on the virus.

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Leishmaniaviruses

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Multiple Regulations of Parasitic Protozoan Viruses: A Double-Edged Sword for Protozoa

Multiple Regulations of Parasitic Protozoan Viruses: A Double-Edged Sword for Protozoa

Antiviral screening identifies adenosine analogs targeting the endogenous dsRNALeishmaniaRNA virus 1 (LRV1) pathogenicity factor

Microbial Matryoshka: Addressing the Relationship between Pathogenic Flagellated Protozoans and Their RNA Viral Endosymbionts (Family Totiviridae)

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