Lens antenna for 3D steering of an OAM-synthesized beam

Alamayreh, Ahmad; Qasem, Nidal

doi:10.1007/s11276-021-02794-w

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In addition, a new and promising resource for spectrum efficiency hinges on Allen et al's [11] discovery in the early 1990s of orthogonal Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) orders possessed by electromagnetic waves. Since then, there has been significant interest in the application of OAM for optics [12] and, recently, for radio communications [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooperative Relay Networks Based on the OAM Technique for 5G Applications

Alkhawatrah¹,

Alamayreh²,

Qasem³

2023

Computer Systems Science and Engineering

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Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) is an intrinsic property of electromagnetic waves. Great research has been witnessed in the last decades aiming at exploiting the OAM wave property in different areas in radio and optics. One promising area of particular interest is to enhance the efficiency of the available communications spectrum. However, adopting OAM-based solutions is not priceless as these suffer from wave divergence especially when the OAM order is high. This shall limit the practical communications distance, especially in the radio regime. In this paper, we propose a cooperative OAM relaying system consisting of a source, relay, and destination. Relays help the source to transmit packets to the destination by providing an alternative connection between source and destination. This cooperative solution aims on the one hand, through best-path selection, on increasing the communications range. On the other hand, through the parallel transmission orders allowed by OAM carrying waves, the system could raise its total transmission throughput. Simulation results show that combining a cooperative relay with OAM improves the system throughput compared to using each element separately. In addition, the proposed cooperative relaying OAM outperforms the cooperative relaying non-orthogonal multiple access scheme, which is a key spectrally efficient technique used in 5G technology.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooperative Relay Networks Based on the OAM Technique for 5G Applications

Alkhawatrah¹,

Alamayreh²,

Qasem³

2023

Computer Systems Science and Engineering

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“…ð Þ , and [ is the azimuthal angle. These waves are radially symmetric with a singularity at the wave center along the propagation axis [11,12]. To generate the phase profile of the OAM wave, we arranged an array of the PCD antenna elements described in the previous section.…”

Section: Array Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, 1-D and 2-D leaky-wave antennas are generally considered solutions for beam steering and scanning off and/or around the broadside angle [7][8][9][10]. Recently, [11][12][13] proposed a method for beam steering based on the Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) features of electromagnetic waves. Various methods for generating OAM-carrying waves have been documented [14][15][16], and their propagation properties have been studied thus far [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In their proposed design, two or more pairs of circular loops with different radii were concentrically placed in the same plane to produce a superimposition of multiple OAM orders easily. In [12], the authors demonstrated a lens antenna capable of a Three-Dimensional (3-D) beam steering at microwave frequencies; 360 o beam steering was accomplished over the azimuth axis by utilizing the OAM property of the beam's electromagnetic wave components. A beam pointing in a certain azimuth direction was optimized by superpositioning waves with different OAM orders; the beam direction was controlled by the relative phase shifts between the waves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nature of the resonating structure implies that the resonators correspond to different OAM waves being stacked axially on top of each other, instead of being installed in the same plane, which leads to distortions in the resulting superimposed beam. In summary, the need for multiple loops to create an OAM superposition in [11], and the need for a lens to direct the radiation in [12], in addition to the limited number of OAM waves that can be used in [13] raise the question of the possibility of having a simpler method that utilizes the full capabilities of OAM waves for beam steering. In contrast to the methods mentioned above, we explore in this paper exploiting the divergence property of OAM waves as a property for independent control of the azimuthal and elevation beam directions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improved Beam Steering Method Using OAM Waves

Qasem¹,

Alamayreh²

2023

Computer Systems Science and Engineering

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Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) is an intrinsic feature of electromagnetic waves which has recently found many applications in several areas in radio and optics. In this paper, we use OAM wave characteristics to present a simple method for beam steering over both elevation and azimuth planes. The design overcomes some limitations of traditional steering methods, such as limited dynamic range of steering, the design complexity, bulky size of the steering structure, the limited bandwidth of operation, and low gain. Based on OAM wave characteristics, the proposed steering method avoids design complexities by adopting a simple method for generating the OAM-carrying waves. The waves are generated by an array of Planar Circular Dipole (PCD) elements. These elements are designed to cover a wide bandwidth range between 3 and 30 GHz. The transmitting array shows an enhanced gain value from 8.5 dBi to almost 11.5 dBi at the broadside angle. Besides the enhanced PCD-based OAM generation, the novelty of the design lies in a new method of beam steering. Beam steering is then performed by controlling the electrical feeding of the PCD elements; the beam azimuthal location is managed by turning off some of the PCD elements, while the elevation is determined by changing the gradient phase of excitation for the turned-on PCD elements. Detailed analysis of the steering method is carried out by finding the mathematical model of the system and the generated waves. The performance has been verified through numerical simulators.

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