Leptospira and Leptospirosis

Fraga, Tatiana R.; Carvalho, Enéas; Isaac, Lourdes; Barbosa, Angela Silva

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-397169-2.00107-4

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…Leptospiras have been classified into over 300 pathogenic serovars (sv) according to structural antigenic characteristics and in 22 distinct genomospecies based on DNA-DNA hybridization composed of 10 pathogenic species, five intermediate and seven saprophytic species, but without correlations among those classifications. The genomic analysis is more accurate than serology during active infections, however, the serogroup identification by detection of anti- Leptospiras antibodies allows the identification of the animal reservoir ( 1 , 2 ). Although the serovars reportedly adapted to specific animal species, such as sv Canicola for dogs, sv Bratislava for swine and sv Copenhageni for rats ( 3 , 4 ) the association of serovars and mammal hosts has not been absolute, and their cellular and molecular basis remains to be fully established ( 5 , 6 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and Simultaneous Seroprevalence of Anti-Leptospira Antibodies in Owners and Their Domiciled Dogs in a Major City of Southern Brazil

et al. 2021

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Although leptospirosis has been considered a major concern in urban areas, no study to date has spatially and simultaneously compared both owner and dog serology in households of major cities. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to assess the seroprevalence of Leptospira antibodies, evaluate associated risk factors and conduct spatial analyses in 565 randomly selected households, which included 597 dog owners and 729 dogs in Londrina, Southern Brazil. Seropositivity by MAT were detected in in 11/597 (1.84%) owners and in 155/729 (21.26%) dogs. The risk factors were evaluated with logistic regression analysis and spatial factors and case distribution were evaluated with kernel density analyses. The sera of 14/155 (9.03%) dogs reacted for more than one serovar with the same titer. Canicola was the most frequent serogroup, detected in 3/11 (27.27%) owners and 76/155 (49.03%) dogs. The highest titer among the owners was 1:3,200 and was detected in the same household with a titer of 1:800 in the dog. Simultaneous owner-dog seropositivity was found in 7/565 (1.23%) households, with three reacted against serogroup Canicola. Positive owners were detected in 4/565 (0.70%) households and positive dogs were detected in 141/565 (24.95%) households. The associated risks of infection for dogs were different from those associated with infection in owners. Risk analyses for Canicola also identified specific factors of infection. Regardless of owner and dog cases were not statistically clustered, the kernel map has shown dog positivity occurrence in the same hot locations and near positive owners. The dependent variable analysis and logit model suggested a greater likelihood of peri-domiciliary contact with Leptospira. In conclusion, exposure to Leptospira infection was significantly higher in dogs than in their owners and human cases spatially overlapped dog cases, implicating dogs as potential environmental sentinels for this disease. In addition, the associated risk may vary according to serogroup, and the observed simultaneous Canicola seropositivity of owner and dog has suggested intradomicile-transmitted infection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and Simultaneous Seroprevalence of Anti-Leptospira Antibodies in Owners and Their Domiciled Dogs in a Major City of Southern Brazil

et al. 2021

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“…A menor importância dada à Sociologia para a preparação para o Enem não é por uma ausência de cobrança de conhecimentos sociológicos nesse exame, uma vez que, No caso do ENEM, a Sociologia marca presenca de quatro formas distintas e simultâneas: 1a) indiretamente, na interface com a redacão5; 2a) como pano de fundo, contextualizando questões das outras disciplinas de Ciencias Humanas; 3a) de maneira interdisciplinar, quando a resolucão de uma questão depende da intersecão entre a Sociologia e, pelo menos, mais uma disciplina; 4a) em questões que apresentam um texto de cunho sociológico a ser interpretado [...] (FRAGA;MATIOLLI, 2015, p. 105).…”

Section: O Status Da Sociologia Escolar Quanto à Sua Importância Paraunclassified

O status da sociologia escolar: o que pensam os alunos?

Bodart

Tavares

2020

Mediações - Rev. Cien. Soc.

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A Sociologia Escolar vem, nos últimos anos, sendo atacada de diversas formas, tendo sua presença no ensino médio ameaçada sob o argumento de não ser importante. A importância de uma disciplina, segundo a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional, está relacionada em preparar os alunos para o exercício da cidadania e para o mercado de trabalho, o que envolve, em alguma medida, a inclusão no ensino superior. Este artigo é resultado de uma pesquisa de mensuração do status atribuído à disciplina de Sociologia no ensino médio por discente, considerando sua importância quanto: i) à grade curricular do ensino médio; ii) ao mercado de trabalho; iii) ao cotidiano e; iv) ao Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (Enem). Foi realizada uma pesquisa amostral delimitada a uma população de 640 estudantes que cursam o 3º ano do ensino médio em oito escolas localizadas no município de Maceió/AL. Os resultados desta pesquisa atestam a importância de sua manutenção na grade curricular do ensino médio.

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“…The existence of mice in the house is very dangerous to humans because rats was the main reservoir of leptospirosis disease. Leptospirosis can be debilitating, particularly for the young and old, and severe cases can lead to liver and kidney failure and internal bleeding (Weil's syndrome) [1], [3], [29]. Indeed, there are many diseases transmitted by rodents either through rodent faeces (salmonella), urine (leptospirosis) airborne viruses (haemorraghic fever) and vector insects (plague and murine typhus).…”

Section: House Sanitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Leptospirosis is neglected infectious disease caused by Leptospira bacterium infection, in group of Spirochaeta [1]- [3]. The advanced molecular techniques allowed the identification of 14 pathogenic and intermediately pathogenic species, and 7 non-pathogenic species, distinguishing three clades in Leptospira genus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Presence Of Rat And House Sanitation Associated With Leptospira sp. Bacterial Infection In Rats (A Cross Sectional Study In Semarang, Central Java Province, Indonesia)

2018

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The Gajah Mungkur sub-district in Semarang, Indonesia had highest leptospirosis cases (reported in human with seven infected and one dead) in 2015. The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between house sanitation and density of rats with Leptospira sp. infection in rats. The study design was cross sectional observational analytic. The number of 308 trapswere placed in study sites over three consecutive nights afterwards. Every houses were placed with four traps, inside and outside. Trapped rats were anesthetized with atropine dose from 0.02 to 0.05 mg/kg body weight of rats continued with Ketamine HCL dose of 50-100 mg/kg body weight of rats by injecting in the thick thigh muscle of it. After that, identification of rats by species and gender then continues with surgery in which a kidney sample was taken to confirm the presence of bacteria Leptospirasp using PCR techniques. The trap installed in 77 houses which later had further observation on house sanitation which includes the existence of a pile of used goods, food storage, garbage can, and the presence of the ceiling, windows and other ventilation.Data was analyzed using distribution frequency and bivariate chi-square test. We had 100 rats captured with live traps as the samples.The proportion of Rattusnorvegicuswas 27% (14.8% positive Leptospira sp.infection) and Rattustanezumi 73% (11%positive Leptospira sp.infection). The proportion of male and female rats were almost equal. The statistic test result was significant between the density of rats (p = 0.0001, OR 12.833, 95%CI: 1.565-105.261) and sex of rats (p = 0.019, OR 0.095, 95%CI: 0.012–0.769) with Leptospira sp. infection in rats. The number of rats may increase the infection of Leptospirasp., especially female rats and poor condition of house sanitation. It is recommended to improve house sanitation and regularly trapping rats.

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Leptospira and Leptospirosis

Cited by 19 publications

References 132 publications

Spatial and Simultaneous Seroprevalence of Anti-Leptospira Antibodies in Owners and Their Domiciled Dogs in a Major City of Southern Brazil

Spatial and Simultaneous Seroprevalence of Anti-Leptospira Antibodies in Owners and Their Domiciled Dogs in a Major City of Southern Brazil

O status da sociologia escolar: o que pensam os alunos?

The Presence Of Rat And House Sanitation Associated With Leptospira sp. Bacterial Infection In Rats (A Cross Sectional Study In Semarang, Central Java Province, Indonesia)

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