Leptospira Seroprevalence Among Ugandan Slaughter Cattle: Comparison of Sero-Status With Renal Leptospira Infection

Alinaitwe, Lordrick; Kankya, Clovice; Namanya, Dianah; Pithua, Patrick; Dreyfus, Anou

doi:10.3389/fvets.2020.00106

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Cattle may be potential reservoirs and sources of human infection in Tanzania, particularly in rural areas where the majority of residents are smallholder dairy farmers and pastoralists [ 55 ]. Cattle are an important maintenance host for serogroup Sejroe [ 1 , 56 ] and transmission to farm workers and slaughtermen has been documented [ 48 , 57 ]. Animal contact particularly occupational exposures was identified as a risk factor by the reviewed papers and this is likely to have an important role in the epidemiology of leptospirosis in people in Tanzania [ 11 , 21 , 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of leptospirosis in Tanzania: A review of the current status, serogroup diversity and reservoirs

Motto

Shirima²,

Bronsvoort³

et al. 2021

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Background Tanzania is among the tropical countries of Sub-Saharan Africa with the environmental conditions favorable for transmission of Leptospira. Leptospirosis is a neglected zoonotic disease, and although there are several published reports from Tanzania, the epidemiology, genetic diversity of Leptospira and its host range are poorly understood. Methods We conducted a comprehensive review of human and animal leptospirosis within the 26 regions of the Tanzanian mainland. Literature searches for the review were conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar. We further manually identified studies from reference lists among retrieved studies from the preliminary search. Results We identified thirty-four studies describing leptospirosis in humans (n = 16), animals (n = 14) and in both (n = 4). The number of studies varied significantly across regions. Most of the studies were conducted in Morogoro (n = 16) followed by Kilimanjaro (n = 9) and Tanga (n = 5). There were a range of study designs with cross-sectional prevalence studies (n = 18), studies on leptospirosis in febrile patients (n = 13), a case control study in cattle (n = 1) and studies identifying novel serovars (n = 2). The most utilized diagnostic tool was the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) which detected antibodies to 17 Leptospira serogroups in humans and animals. The Leptospira serogroups with the most diverse hosts were Icterohaemorrhagiae (n = 11), Grippotyphosa (n = 10), Sejroe (n = 10), Pomona (n = 9) and Ballum (n = 8). The reported prevalence of Leptospira antibodies in humans ranged from 0.3–29.9% and risk factors were associated with occupational animal contact. Many potential reservoir hosts were identified with the most common being rodents and cattle. Conclusion Leptospirosis is prevalent in humans and animals in Tanzania, although there is regional and host variation in the reports. Many regions do not have information about the disease in either humans or their animal reservoirs. More studies are required to understand human leptospirosis determinants and the role of livestock in leptospirosis transmission to humans for the development of appropriate control strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of leptospirosis in Tanzania: A review of the current status, serogroup diversity and reservoirs

Motto

Shirima²,

Bronsvoort³

et al. 2021

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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“…The methodological differences between studies, such as the use of ELISA in Uganda [ 14 ] versus MAT in South Africa and heat inactivation of samples from the KNP [ 15 ], may account for some of the differences in seroprevalence estimates in buffaloes. Although MAT is considered the gold standard serological assay, it has been shown to lack sensitivity in African contexts [ 16 ]. Therefore, the seroprevalence estimates presented in this study represent the apparent seroprevalence, since they were not adjusted for test performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also possible that the difficulties of processing samples under challenging field conditions, the prolonged storage of samples, or the stress of capture may explain the larger (three- and four-fold) variation in MAT titres between paired samples. While MAT may lack sensitivity, particularly at low titres, it is highly specific [ 16 ] and allows the presumptive identification of the infecting serovar. Apart from a single animal that reacted to L. interrogans serovar Szwajizak (serogroup Mini), all positive samples in this study reacted to L. borgpetersenii serovar Tarassovi (serogroup Tarassovi).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Serovar Tarassovi is increasingly recognised in a variety of hosts in Africa. For example, it has been detected in cattle in South Africa [ 8 , 17 ] and Uganda [ 16 ], horses in South Africa [ 13 ], and has historically been detected, at low seroprevalence, in buffaloes in other regions of South Africa [ 15 ]. In New Zealand, evidence of exposure to serovar Tarassovi in a broad range of livestock species, and its implication in human cases of leptospirosis [ 18 ], suggest that this serovar may be an underrecognized cause of livestock productivity loss and zoonotic disease [ 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After accounting for age and temporal trends in seroprevalence, female buffaloes were nearly five times more likely to be infected than male buffaloes. In large scale studies of domesticated water buffaloes in Thailand (n = 1376) [ 23 ] and slaughter cattle in Uganda (n = 500) [ 16 ], no effects of sex on seroprevalence were noted. Therefore, our findings may reflect differences in the social structure of free-ranging buffaloes and domesticated bovids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Seroepidemiology of a Neglected Zoonotic and Livestock Pathogen in Free-Ranging Bovids: Leptospirosis in African Buffaloes (Syncerus caffer)

et al. 2021

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Multi-host pathogens are challenging to control and are responsible for some of the most important diseases of humans, livestock, and wildlife. Leptospira spp. are some of the most common multi-host pathogens and represent an important cause of zoonotic infections and livestock productivity loss in the developing world, where contact with wildlife species is common. Although there is increasing evidence that cattle in Africa harbour a broad diversity of Leptospira genotypes and serovars, little is known about the epidemiology of these pathogens in wild bovids, such as African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer). Using microscopic agglutination testing (MAT) on serum samples collected from free-ranging buffaloes (n = 98) captured in the Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park (HiP), South Africa, we demonstrated an overall seroprevalence of 21% with seropositivity almost exclusively limited to serovar Tarassovi (serogroup Tarassovi). Moreover, we found no evidence of seropositivity in unweaned calves and showed temporal- or herd-specific variation in exposure risk, and increased probability of seropositivity (OR = 5.44, 95% CI = 1.4–27) in female buffaloes. Together, these findings demonstrate that free-ranging African buffaloes are exposed to Leptospira spp. infections, providing insights into the epidemiology of an emerging Leptospira serovar in herds with an absence of any disease control and minimal management.

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Seroprevalence and renal carriage of pathogenic Leptospira in livestock in Cotonou, Benin

Her,

Crespin,

Etougbétché

et al. 2024

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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BackgroundLeptospirosis is a zoonotic disease. It is particularly prevalent in tropical countries and has major consequences for human and animal health. In Benin, the disease's epidemiology remains poorly understood, especially in livestock, for which data are lacking.ObjectivesTo characterise Leptospira seroprevalence and locally circulating serogroups in livestock from Cotonou and to estimate the prevalence of Leptospira renal carriage in cattle.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study in February 2020 during which livestock were sampled at an abattoir and in an impoverished city district. We analysed blood samples from 279 livestock animals (i.e. cattle, sheep, goats and pigs) using the microscopic agglutination test. Additionally, samples of renal tissue from 100 cattle underwent 16s rRNA (rrs) real‐time PCR analysis.ResultsFor the 131 cattle, 85 sheep, and 50 goats tested, seroprevalence was 18% (95% confidence interval [CI] [12%, 26%]), 9% (95% CI [4%, 17%] and 2% (95% CI [0%, 9%]), respectively, and most of the seropositive animals were associated with 1:100 titres. All 13 pigs were seronegative. Leptospira DNA was found in the renal tissue of 10% (95% CI [5%, 18%]) of the cattle tested (n = 100). Leptospira borgpetersenii was the main species present (n = 7), but Leptospira interrogans (n = 2) and Leptospira kirschneri (n = 1) were also detected. Various serogroups (Canicola, Grippotyphosa, Sejroe, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pomona, Pyrogenes, Australis and Autumnalis) were detected using microscopic agglutination test without a clear predominance of any of them.ConclusionsThese results suggest that abattoir workers and people living in close contact with livestock in poor urban areas are exposed to the risk of Leptospira infection.

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Leptospira Seroprevalence Among Ugandan Slaughter Cattle: Comparison of Sero-Status With Renal Leptospira Infection

Cited by 14 publications

References 26 publications

Epidemiology of leptospirosis in Tanzania: A review of the current status, serogroup diversity and reservoirs

Epidemiology of leptospirosis in Tanzania: A review of the current status, serogroup diversity and reservoirs

The Seroepidemiology of a Neglected Zoonotic and Livestock Pathogen in Free-Ranging Bovids: Leptospirosis in African Buffaloes (Syncerus caffer)

Seroprevalence and renal carriage of pathogenic Leptospira in livestock in Cotonou, Benin

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