Leptospirosis: current situation and trends of specific laboratory tests

Schreier, Stefan; Doungchawee, Galayanee; Chadsuthi, Sudarat; Triampo, Darapond; Triampo, Wannapong

doi:10.1586/eci.12.110

Cited by 70 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 166 publications

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“…Leptospirosis is also an important disease of horses, causing abortions and uveitis (18)(19)(20). The diagnosis of leptospirosis by MAT, bacterial culture, PCR, realtime PCR, and/or histopathological examination has been reported previously (21). Because of the serious drawbacks of these assays, numerous attempts have been made to develop an ELISA serodiagnostic test (22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30) or to develop a dual-path platform (DPP) assay (31).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serodiagnosis of Equine Leptospirosis by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Using Four Recombinant Protein Markers

Yan

McDonough

et al. 2014

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Leptospirosis, caused by Leptospira spp., is one of the most common zoonotic diseases in the world. We tested four recombinant proteins of Leptospira interrogans, namely, rLipL21, rLoa22, rLipL32, and rLigACon4-8, to evaluate their potential for use as antigens for the diagnosis of equine leptospirosis. We employed equine sera (n ‫؍‬ 130) that were microscopic agglutination test (MAT) negative and sera (n ‫؍‬ 176) that were MAT positive for the 5 serovars that most commonly cause equine leptospirosis. The sensitivity and specificity of ELISA compared to MAT were 82.39% and 86.15%, respectively, for LigACon4-8, 77.84% and 92.31%, respectively, for Loa22, 77.84% and 86.15%, respectively, for LipL32, and 84.66% and 83.85%, respectively, for LipL21. When one of the two antigens was test positive, the sensitivity and specificity of ELISA were 93.75% and 78.46%, respectively, for rLigACon4-8 and LipL32, 93.18% and 76.15%, respectively, for rLigACon4-8 and LipL21, 89.77% and 80.77%, respectively, for rLigACon4-8 and Loa22, 91.48% and 78.46%, respectively, for LipL21 and Loa22, 93.75% and 76.92%, respectively, for LipL21 and LipL32, and 90.34% and 80.77%, respectively, for Loa22 and LipL32. In conclusion, we have developed an indirect ELISA utilizing rLigACon4-8, rLoa22, rLipL32, and rLipL21 as diagnostic antigens for equine leptospirosis. The use of four antigens in the ELISA was found to be sensitive and specific, the assay was easy to perform, and the results concurred with the results of the standard Leptospira MAT.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serodiagnosis of Equine Leptospirosis by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Using Four Recombinant Protein Markers

Yan

McDonough

et al. 2014

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…Work at molecular level is revealing interesting results in various parts of the world and should be considered in future works [10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other methods include: dark field examination, immunofluorescence, culture, Elisa IgM, dot Elisa, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The literature on these methods is extensive, and several authors have discussed the advantages and limitations of each method, as well as the discrepancies between the diagnostic results [10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A retrospective analysis of the leptospirosis research in Colombia

Dechner

2014

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Leptospirosis is a re-emerging infectious disease whose prevalence is often underestimated, not only in Colombia, but in most developing countries. The objective of this paper is to assess the research status of leptospirosis in Colombia in order to identify trends, knowledge gaps, and directions for future research. Methodology: With the aim of gathering all the information available on leptospirosis in the country, a web search was conducted in various indexes and databases. The search terms used were: Leptospirosis + Colombia. A total of 95 publications were found and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The first report of leptospirosis in the country was published in 1957. More than 60% of the published works focus on the prevalence of the disease. The Central part of the country is the area with the highest number of publications. MAT was used in 84% of the prevalence studies and humans are the most studied taxonomic group, with 45% of the publications. The highest prevalence of the disease was registered for rodents (82.7%, 62/75), followed by humans (67.9%, 53/78), pigs (67.6%, 342/506), and dogs (67.2%, 41/61). The prevalence of the disease in the country is associated with occupational factors, hygiene conditions and contact with rodents. Conclusion: Although leptospirosis is a prevalent disease in Colombia, the limitations of the diagnostic techniques used and the lack of a unified criteria on titers thresholds, make an accurate assessment of the prevalence of the disease in the country problematic.

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“…In leptospiraemic phase, the most suitable sample is blood. Blood should be cultured in the first 10 days of the illness and before antibiotics are given (26).…”

Section: Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis of Human Leptospirosis

Khaki

2016

Int J Enteric Pathog

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Context: Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonotic infection which appears to be a re-emerging health problem. The clinical features of the disease are broad ranging, but are often similar to those of other infections. As a result, the accuracy of a clinical diagnosis of leptospirosis is low and confirmation requires the use of laboratory tests. Evidence Acquisition: The disease is usually diagnosed in the laboratory by different methods such as direct microscopy, culture, serological methods and molecular methods. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) is considered the reference test among the several serological methods for leptospirosis diagnosis. However, isolation and identification of the microorganism allows for definitive diagnosis, and provides for epidemiological and prophylactic studies of this disease. Therefore, culture is a golden standard method. Polymerase chain reaction is a rapid, sensitive and specific means of detecting leptospiral infection, in contrast to serology tests. Further benefit is the ability to identify early infection especially during the first few days of the disease even before antibodies are detectable. Conclusions: Choice of test for diagnosis of leptospirosis depends on the stage of the disease. An ideal test will need to discriminate between leptospirosis and a broad spectrum of diseases that cause acute febrile illness and have overlapping clinical presentations. Although detection of antibodies is by itself no proof of a current infection, serological methods (such as MAT and ELISA) are often the most appropriate diagnostic methods.

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Leptospirosis: current situation and trends of specific laboratory tests

Cited by 70 publications

References 166 publications

Serodiagnosis of Equine Leptospirosis by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Using Four Recombinant Protein Markers

Serodiagnosis of Equine Leptospirosis by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Using Four Recombinant Protein Markers

A retrospective analysis of the leptospirosis research in Colombia

Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis of Human Leptospirosis

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