Leptospirosis Outbreak after a Heavy Rainfall Typhoon in the Philippines: Clinical Features, Outcome and Prognostic Factors for Mortality

Roxas, Evalyn A.; Alejandria, Marissa M.; Mendoza, Myrna; Roman, Arthur Dessi; Leyritana, Katerina; Ginete-Garcia, Joann Kathleen B.

doi:10.47895/amp.v50i3.796

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…We tried to correlate/identify the risk factor/s associated with mortality among our patients and found out that only pulmonary hemorrhage is statistically significant as shown in Table 19. This finding was similar with the study of Roxas et al 12 where they found out that pulmonary hemorrhage is a strong independent predictor of mortality. Pulmonary involvement was also cited as a strong predictor of mortality among 55 severe leptospirosis patients admitted at Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogkakarta, Indonesia from 2003 to 2007.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Clinical Profile of Pediatric Patients with Leptospirosis admitted at a Tertiary Government Hospital

Pabalate-Aquino¹

2021

PIDSPJ

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Background: In the Philippines, Leptospirosis is a seasonal but common and prevalent disease with an average of 680 cases and 40 deaths annually. Cases result from exposure to contaminated flood, water, or soil. Several studies showed that males are more commonly affected, who are believed to be more exposed to the outdoor environment. In terms of pediatric population, early diagnosis is based mainly on clinical and epidemiological factors. Objective: This study was conducted to determine the clinical features and outcomes of pediatric leptospirosis, as well as determine the prognostic factors associated with mortality. Methodology: A descriptive retrospective study was done in a tertiary hospital from January 2007 – December 2019. Review of all cases that satisfy the diagnosis of Leptospirosis by WHO Criteria (2003) was done. The data extracted from the chart were encoded using Microsoft Excel; processed and analyzed using STATA SE 15 to generate the required output. Results & Conclusion: In this 12-year study, a total of 85 cases of leptospirosis in children, aged 0-18 years, were reported. Leptospirosis predominates in males in the adolescent age group. It is noted all year round but noted mostly during the rainy months which increases the risk to exposure to contaminated water through wading, especially in the cities of Navotas, Malabon and Tondo. The mean duration of symptoms was 3.6 days. The most common clinical findings noted in this study were fever, gastrointestinal symptoms, conjunctival suffusion, oliguria, calf tenderness and headache. Abnormal laboratory findings were leukocytosis, neutrophilia, thrombocytosis, elevated BUN and creatinine, hypokalemia and hyponatremia. Significant correlation with poor outcome was found in patients who have had pulmonary hemorrhage.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Clinical Profile of Pediatric Patients with Leptospirosis admitted at a Tertiary Government Hospital

Pabalate-Aquino¹

2021

PIDSPJ

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“…Heavy rainfall typhoon Ketsana also caused an outbreak that resulted in patients ranging from severe symptoms to death. A majority had waded in floodwater and suffered complications after leptospirainfection (28). Moreover, typhoons Nesat, Nalgae and Washi resulted in widespread flooding and leptospirosis in the productive age group (29).…”

Section: Temporal Analysis Of Weather Data and Human Leptospirosis Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Leptospirosis Outbreak: A Year After the ‘Cempaka’ Tropical Cyclone

Syakbanah

Fuad

2021

JKL

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Introduction: The ‘Cempaka’ Tropical Cyclone hit south Java in November 2017, causing heavy rainfall and severe flooding. Changes in climate variability and extreme weather events may shift the geographic and seasonal patterns of neglected tropical diseases such as leptospirosis. This study analyses the Spatiotemporal pattern between flooding, weather, and human leptospirosis cases after a tropical cyclone. Methods: This was an ecological study that collected monthly flooding data, weather data, and human leptospirosis data cases per village from November 2017 to October 2018, a year after the ‘Cempaka’ Tropical Cyclone in Bantul. Spatio-temporal analyses were calculated to 0-3 months lag by Pearson's correlation, spatial mapping, and time-series graphs. Results and Discussion: As many as 99 people infected with leptospirosis were found in all 75 villages in Bantul. The villages affected by flooding were 44% and leptospirosis cases spread in 68% of villages. A 1-month lag (r = 0.6849; p < 0.05) and 3-months lag (r = 0.6666; p < 0.05) of relative humidity along with a 1-month lag (r = 0.7451; p < 0.05) and 3-months lag (r = 0.8561; p < 0.05) of rainfall were found to be correlated to human leptospirosis cases. Heavy rain due to the Cempaka Tropical Cyclone caused flooding and transmission of Leptospira bacteria into the water and heightened contact between humans, animals, and the environment. Conclusion: It is found that flooding, relative humidity, and rainfall after the Cempaka Tropical Cyclone would be followed by human leptospirosis outbreaks 1 and 3 months later. Cross-sectoral cooperation of public health authorities should integrate climatic information as an early warning for disaster-prone areas and community groups at risk.

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Leptospirosis Outbreak after a Heavy Rainfall Typhoon in the Philippines: Clinical Features, Outcome and Prognostic Factors for Mortality

Abstract: ...

Cited by 2 publications

References 4 publications

Clinical Profile of Pediatric Patients with Leptospirosis admitted at a Tertiary Government Hospital

Clinical Profile of Pediatric Patients with Leptospirosis admitted at a Tertiary Government Hospital

Human Leptospirosis Outbreak: A Year After the ‘Cempaka’ Tropical Cyclone

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