Les épis de la Loire armoricaine, un héritage à la        patrimonialité incertaine

Barraud, Régis; Carcaud, Nathalie; Davodeau, Hervé; Montembault, David; Pordoy, Claire

doi:10.4000/norois.4729

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…until the 1980s. As for PAHs (Bertrand et al, 2015), the Ondaine-Furan corridor was likely the main contributor to the upper Loire PCB contamination. In the middle Loire stretch, several urban and industrial zones are found (Nevers, Orléans, Tours), although the low quantity of available data does not allow us to evaluate PCB pollution trends in those areas.…”

Section: Spatio-temporal Distribution Of the Pcb Contamination And Immentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-temporal assessment of the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) sediment contamination in four major French river corridors (1945–2018)

Dendievel

Mourier

Coynel

et al. 2020

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

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Abstract. Environmental pollution by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is a key cause for concern about river quality because of their low degradation rates leading to their accumulation in sediments and living organisms. An original interdisciplinary work was conducted along the four main French rivers (Seine, Rhône, Loire and Garonne rivers), which flow into major European seas. We completed a dataset based on sediment analyses provided by monitoring agencies, port authorities and research teams on different solid matrices (sediment cores, bed and flood deposits, suspended particulate matter and dredged sediments). This dataset focused on the seven indicator PCBs and their sum (ΣPCBi) from 1945 to 2018 (nΣPCBi =1416). Special effort was put into the quality control to provide robust spatio-temporal information. Taking into account hydrological and human drivers, we outlined two main pollution trends: (1) from 1945 to 1975, a quick increase in ΣPCBi (up to 4 mg kg−1 dry weight, dw) and a sharp decrease in the 1980s on the Seine and Loire rivers and (2) increasing but moderate ΣPCBi levels (50 to 150 µg kg−1 dw) followed by a decline after the 1990s on the Rhône and Garonne rivers. In addition to these patterns, PCB emissions from urban and industrial areas or accidental events were significant in each river. Finally, when calculating specific flux, the Rhône exhibited the uppermost ΣPCBi load (up to 12 µgm-2yr-1 in 1977–1987), at least 25 % higher than those of the Seine and Loire rivers, while the Garonne showed a very low flux. In western Europe, we confirmed that the Rhône, Seine and Loire rivers contribute significantly to the PCB contamination of the seas, while French specific ΣPCBi fluxes are 2 orders of magnitude lower than those found in American or Asian rivers. The dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.904277 (Dendievel et al., 2019).

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Section: Spatio-temporal Distribution Of the Pcb Contamination And Immentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-temporal assessment of the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) sediment contamination in four major French river corridors (1945–2018)

Dendievel

Mourier

Coynel

et al. 2020

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

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“…Two types of river engineering associated with distinct time period can generally be distinguished: most infrastructures related to flood protection and facilitation of navigation (embankments, dikes, groynes, locks) were implemented in the 18 th and 19 th century, while infrastructures for hydroelectricity production (reservoirs, run-of-river dams and flow diversions) were mainly built during the 20 th century (Habersack and Piegay, 2007). Construction periods may vary depending on regional or national development disparities: the first major engineering works in the Netherlands were carried out on the Rhine River in the early 1700s (Yossef, 2002); on the Oder River in Poland, weirs and groynes were built on a large scale from 1741 to 1896 (Buczyńska et al, 2018); in Hungary, flood-control dykes and groynes were built on the Middle Danube between 1871 and 1914 (Gupta, 2008) and groynes on the Loire River in France were built in the beginning of the 20 th century (Barraud et al, 2013). Regarding hydropower, the first European plant was built in 1893 in Serbia (Marković, 2012), and the number of facilities then grew exponentially over Western Europe during the next century.…”

Section: Europe: a Comparison In The Anthropocene Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Legacy sediments in a European context: The example of infrastructure-induced sediments on the Rhône River

et al. 2020

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The concept of legacy sediments (LS) as sediments periodically produced by anthropogenic disturbances has been introduced in the early 2010s and has been increasingly used since then, primarily in the USA. It is a key concept to characterize river corridors health and design relevant restoration schemes. Surprisingly, examples of legacy sediments in European rivers remain scarce in the literature, despite the long history of human influences in this part of the world. In this viewpoint paper, we argue that while land-use changes within upstream basins seem to be mostly responsible for legacy sedimentation along downstream river sections in New World countries like the USA or Australia, reach-scale engineering is the main driver of legacy sedimentation along large Alpine European rivers during the Anthropocene era. We give an example of LS induced by navigation infrastructures (groynes and lateral training walls) present along the Rhône River downstream of Lyon (France), and assume that analogous LS might exist in most engineered rivers. Those infrastructure-induced sediments differ from the classic examples of American LS in terms of formation mechanisms and characteristics, which leads us to suggest a broadened definition of legacy sediments in order to make the concept more applicable to the European context.

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“…Des travaux récents ont déjà investi ce secteur de la Loire armoricaine et des problématiques proches 1 . Les recherches menées sur les épis de Loire construits au début du XX e siècle ont montré que ces derniers n'ont pas fait l'objet d'un fort processus de patrimonialisation, mais qu'ils ont néanmoins constitué un support d'appropriation de la part de la population locale (Barraud et al, 2013 ;Davodeau et al, 2013). Dans notre article, nous ne nous attachons pas à ces ouvrages anciens liés à la navigation fluviale, mais à des aménagements beaucoup plus récents.…”

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“…Un des exemples qui est utilisé à cet égard est celui de la suppression des épis en 2009 sur le lit mineur de la Loire entre Bouchemaine et Chalonnes-sur-Loire et ses effets sur l'efficacité du piégeage des sédiments (entretiens de terrain ; Barraud et al, 2013) ou encore les craintes soulevées par certains habitants du village de Bellevue quant aux dangers d'inondations liés au relèvement de la ligne d'eau.…”

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“…Aménagement et désaménagement : retour sur la trajectoire d'un projet expérimental de restauration écologique sur la Loire 2.1. Les seuils à échancrure du Fresne : un projet révélateur du changement de paradigme amorcé sur la Loire depuis les années 199014 Imaginés et débattus tout au long des années 1990, les seuils du Fresne (figure1) ont été construits au début des années 2000 et s'inscrivent dans l'histoire des aménagements de la Loire(Huyghues Despointes, 2008 ; Rode, 2010 ;Barraud et al, 2013). Ces travaux sont réalisés dans le cadre d'un programme de rééquilibrage du lit de la Loire et ses annexes…”

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