Lessons Learned From Applying Ai to the Web

Abstract

Ontobroker applies Artificial Intelligence techniques to improve access to heterogeneous, distributed and semistructured information sources as they are presented in the World Wide Web or organizationwide intranets. It relies on the use of ontologies to annotate web pages, formulate queries and derive answers. In this paper we will briefly sketch Ontobroker. Then we will discuss its main shortcomings, i.e. we will share the lessons we learned from our exercise. We will also show how On2broker overcomes these limitations. Most important is the separation of the query and inference engines and the integration of new web standards like XML and RDF.

Reasoning About Fuzzy Temporal and Spatial Information from the Web

“…Attaching semantic annotations to resources furthermore requires a certain degree of familiarity with the ontologies to select appropriate concepts. In [85], two additional problems have been identified: the scalability of SW reasoners when moving to knowledge bases containing millions of facts, and the limited flexibility of current querying mechanisms on the SW. Finally, note that although the SW has not yet lived up to the initial expectations, substantial contributions have been made in particular domains, the biomedical domain probably being the most-well known (e.g., [60,248,284]).…”

Ontologies on the Semantic Web

“…The SHOE approach has been criticized by Fensel et al (2000, p. 363) for its strategy of adding further data to pages rather than “mak[ing] explicit the semantics of already available data.” Not only is the latter approach more elegant, but it also avoids maintenance problems caused by the presence of two sets of tags for the same data. Fensel et al also claimed that SHOE's inferencing is too weak, barely outstripping basic database capabilities.…”

Web sites and semantics

“…This may be done by using meta-tags or RDF [1] annotations or can be disseminated in the text [2,3]. Using shared ontologies is, at this stage, a reasonable option [4,5].…”