Lessons learned from recent fuel storage fires

Mishra, Kirti Bhushan; Wehrstedt, Klaus‐Dieter; Krebs, Holger

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2012.08.003

Cited by 47 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However, it is 46% at a distance of 500 m. Therefore, from the safety point of view, the safety distance from the containment should not be less than 800 m where the probability of major structural damage is less than 5%. Accordingly, the minor structural damage is higher up to a distance of 1000 m with a probability of 66%..This analysis is in agreement with the result obtained by [7] which revealed that a minimum of 1 km safety distance (European Norm) should be considered for higher hazards sites similar to Buncefield. Though, the focus of this article is the assessment of vapour cloud explosion in the NPP site, our analysis showed that the recommended safety distance for hydrocarbon fuels storage depot could also be applied to the NPP site particularly if the blast effect is of prime interest.…”

Section: Major and Minor Structural Damagesupporting

confidence: 90%

“…In the method, the explosive energy of UVCE is expressed as an equivalent mass of tri-nitrotoluene (TNT) that would produce the same explosive energy [10]. In other words, the destruction arises from the mass of TNT is considered to be the same to that of flammable substance under investigation [7]. The explosive potential is primarily determined by the amount of fuel released.…”

Section: Equivalent Tnt Mass Methods (Tnt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The overpressures generated due to UVCE and explosion's effects are primarily influenced by the degree of confinement, weather conditions, quantity and flammability of fuel as well as source and strength of ignition [7]. The assumptions used in developing the empirical models for the UVCE assessment are generally based on these four parameters.…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of safety distance between components of nuclear plant and study of the vulnerabiliy of the damage caused by an explosion

et al. 2017

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This paper deals with the assessment of external explosion, resulting from accidental release of jet fuel from the large commercial airliner in the nuclear power plant (NPP). The study used three widely prediction methods such as Trinitrotoluene (TNT), multi energy (TNO) and Baker-strehow (BST) to determine the unconfined vapour cloud explosion (UVCE) overpressure within the distances of 100-1400 m from the first impact location. The containment building was taken as the reference position. The fatalities of persons and damage of structures was estimated using probit methodology. Analysis of the results shows that both reactor building and control-room will be highly damaged with risk consequences and probability, depending on the assumed position of the crash. The structures at the radial distance of 600 m may suffer major structural damage with probability ranging from 25 to 100%. The minor structural damage was observed throughout the bounds of the plant complex. The people working within 250 m radius may get affected with different fatality ranging from 28 to 100%. The findings of this study is valuable to evaluate the safety improvement needed on the NPP site and on the risk and consequences associated with the hydrocarbon fuel release/fires due to external hazards.

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Section: Major and Minor Structural Damagesupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Equivalent Tnt Mass Methods (Tnt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of safety distance between components of nuclear plant and study of the vulnerabiliy of the damage caused by an explosion

et al. 2017

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“…When the volatilization concentration of benzene reaches the lower explosion limit, the ignition source that persists during the construction operation ignites the flammable gas and results in an explosion; (b) six on‐site workers dismantled the float pontoons at the bottom of the tank, so the ignition source is set at the height of 0.75 m from the geometric plane center, as shown in Figure of the point I. There are five detection points of pressure and other characteristic parameters in the model, as shown in Figure ; (c) the benzene tank is windless, and the flammable gas accords with the real gas state equation; and (d) the gas explosion process satisfies a series of fundamental equations, such as the continuity conservation equation, momentum conservation equation, and energy conservation equation …”

Section: Quantitative Simulation Of the Explosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lessons learned from analyzing an explosion at Shanghai SECCO petrochemical plant

Dong

Liu

Zhao

et al. 2019

Process Safety Progress

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On May 12, 2018, six workers from Shanghai AIJINKE Engineering Construction Services Co. died on the spot of an explosion when they were maintaining a benzene tank at Shanghai SECCO Petrochemical Co. The incident was characterized as a disastrous incident caused by hot work in a confined space. This article aimed to analyze the incident in a chronological order by using the event sequence diagram. The FLACS software was used to simulate the variation of pressure and temperature over time when benzene vapor was ignited in the tank. Multilayer bow‐tie analysis was adopted to explore the causes of the explosion, along with the corresponding consequences, and preventive measures. The analyses show that the primary causes were the unsafe behaviors of on‐site workers, hazardous conditions of in‐tank substances, risky factors in the construction environment, and deficiencies in process safety management. Based on the qualitative and quantitative analyses, we emphasize three considerable reasons, which include inappropriate flammable gas detection before the operation, failing to test for flammable gases during the hot work, and deficiency of the Management of Change. Finally, the article concludes with a summary of lessons learned as well as suggestions for incident prevention and safety improvement.

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“…For hydrocarbon fuels a range for these constants have already been developed whereas for peroxy-fuels there is a lack of measured data to deduce these values. In the past the authors group has investigated pool fires of peroxy-fuels and found considerable different characteristics [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. With an aim to extend the present knowledge on potential hazards of peroxy-fuels BLEVE and fireball investigations are carried out in this work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion (BLEVE) of Peroxy-fuels: Experiments and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Simulation

2015

Self Cite

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Fire and explosion hazards associated with storage and transportation of flammable materials have been a matter of great interest in the recent times. BLEVE is a scenario that occurs when a closed fuel container is subjected to heat for a longer duration. Such events are disastrous to human beings and assets both. In the past there have been numerous studies on BLEVEs and fireballs of hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. kerosene, gasoline, LPG, LNG and others. Though, the fireballs of peroxy-fuels are not looked into detail as such. This article tries to overcome this lack of knowledge. Both, experimental investigation and CFD simulations are performed to measure and predict the fireball characteristics of a peroxy-fuel. Due to thermal decomposition in the liquid phase and active oxygen content a peroxy-fuel fireball burns at a very fast rate and emit higher thermal radiation whereas exhibits smaller diameter and elevation compared to hydrocarbons. That eventually leads to consideration of larger safety distances from them which are also verified by CFD results.

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Lessons learned from recent fuel storage fires

Cited by 47 publications

References 9 publications

Assessment of safety distance between components of nuclear plant and study of the vulnerabiliy of the damage caused by an explosion

Assessment of safety distance between components of nuclear plant and study of the vulnerabiliy of the damage caused by an explosion

Lessons learned from analyzing an explosion at Shanghai SECCO petrochemical plant

Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion (BLEVE) of Peroxy-fuels: Experiments and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Simulation

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