Lethal and sub-lethal effects of triclosan toxicity to the earthworm Eisenia fetida assessed through GC–MS metabolomics

Gillis, J. Daniel; Price, G.W.; Prasher, Shiv O.

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.07.022

Cited by 37 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…This method is fast and can determine quantitative changes in the levels of metabolites, such as amino acids and sugars, provoked by an external stressor [26,27,28,29,30]. Being an untargeted technique, such an analysis can be reproduced accurately across different laboratories [31,32,33,34,35,36], providing insights into the reaction of the organism to an external source of stress, its molecular endpoints in terms of changes in metabolite levels, and in depicting the mode of toxicity of the contaminants [37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the Chiral Fungicides Metalaxyl and Metalaxyl-M on the Earthworm Eisenia fetida as Determined by 1H-NMR-Based Untargeted Metabolomics

Zhang

Zhou

2019

Molecules

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Although metalaxyl and metalaxyl-M are widely used fungicides, very little is known about their subacute and enantiospecific effects on the earthworm metabolome. In this study, Eisenia fetida were exposed to metalaxyl and metalaxyl-M at three concentrations (0.5, 5 and 50 mg/kg) for seven days. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR)-based untargeted metabolomics showed that metalaxyl and metalaxyl-M exposure disturbed earthworms’ metabolism at all three concentrations. Endogenous metabolites, such as succinate, arginine, aspartate, urea, asparagine, alanine, trimethylamine, taurine, cysteine, serine, threonine, histidine, lysine, glucose, choline, carnitine, citric acid, alpha-ketoisovaleric acid, fumaric acid and so on, were significantly changed. These results indicate that metalaxyl and metalaxyl-M produce different, enantiospecific disturbances in the earthworm metabolism, particularly in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) and urea cycles. The application of untargeted metabolomics thus provides more information for evaluating the toxic risks of metalaxyl and metalaxyl-M.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the Chiral Fungicides Metalaxyl and Metalaxyl-M on the Earthworm Eisenia fetida as Determined by 1H-NMR-Based Untargeted Metabolomics

Zhang

Zhou

2019

Molecules

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“…We detected 47 metabolites by NMR (Figure S-1), 44 by GC–MS (Figure S-2), and 22 with both methods (Figure ). The earthworm 1 H NMR CF metabolome has been well characterized. ,, Though GC–MS has been widely used for the characterization of earthworm extracts, − ,− to our knowledge, the metabolite profiling of CF using GC–MS has not been reported. Multiple amino and organic acids were detected using both platforms (Figure ); however, adipate, 2-aminoglutarate, azelate, citrate, cholesterol, glutarate, glycerol-3-phosphate, lysine, 2-methylglutarate, ornithine, proline, serine, suberate, and urea were detected only by GC–MS (Figure S-2, Table S-1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Profiling of Chloroacetanilide Herbicides in Earthworm Coelomic Fluid Using¹H NMR and GC–MS

et al. 2018

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Earthworms ( Eisenia fetida) are vital members of the soil environment. Because of their sensitivity to many contaminants, monitoring earthworm metabolism may be a useful indicator of environmental stressors. Here, metabolic profiles of exposure to five chloroacetanilide herbicides and one enantiomer (acetochlor, alachlor, butachlor, racemic metolachlor, S-metolachlor, and propachlor) are observed in earthworm coelomic fluid using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Multiblocked-orthogonal partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (MB-OPLS-DA) and univariate analysis were used to identify metabolic perturbations in carnitine biosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Intriguingly, stereospecific metabolic responses were observed between racemic metolachlor and S-metolachlor exposed worms. These findings support the utility of coelomic fluid in monitoring metabolic perturbations induced by chloroacetanilide herbicides in nontarget organisms and reveal specificity in the metabolic impacts of herbicide analogues in earthworms.

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“…It is classified as an antibiotic and frequently used in personal care and household products to eliminate bacteria [ 148 ]. Furthermore, its effect on soil organisms, including earthworms and C. elegans , has been evaluated using GC-MS based metabolomics [ 149 ]. It has been observed that upon exposure to triclosan, earthworms lose weight and show increased mortality.…”

Section: Exposure On Emerging Environmental Pollutantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic Studies for the Evaluation of Toxicity Induced by Environmental Toxicants on Model Organisms

Kim

Kang

2021

Metabolites

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Environmental pollution causes significant toxicity to ecosystems. Thus, acquiring a deeper understanding of the concentration of environmental pollutants in ecosystems and, clarifying their potential toxicities is of great significance. Environmental metabolomics is a powerful technique in investigating the effects of pollutants on living organisms in the environment. In this review, we cover the different aspects of the environmental metabolomics approach, which allows the acquisition of reliable data. A step-by-step procedure from sample preparation to data interpretation is also discussed. Additionally, other factors, including model organisms and various types of emerging environmental toxicants are discussed. Moreover, we cover the considerations for successful environmental metabolomics as well as the identification of toxic effects based on data interpretation in combination with phenotype assays. Finally, the effects induced by various types of environmental toxicants in model organisms based on the application of environmental metabolomics are also discussed.

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Lethal and sub-lethal effects of triclosan toxicity to the earthworm Eisenia fetida assessed through GC–MS metabolomics

Cited by 37 publications

References 64 publications

Effects of the Chiral Fungicides Metalaxyl and Metalaxyl-M on the Earthworm Eisenia fetida as Determined by 1H-NMR-Based Untargeted Metabolomics

Effects of the Chiral Fungicides Metalaxyl and Metalaxyl-M on the Earthworm Eisenia fetida as Determined by 1H-NMR-Based Untargeted Metabolomics

Metabolic Profiling of Chloroacetanilide Herbicides in Earthworm Coelomic Fluid Using¹H NMR and GC–MS

Metabolomic Studies for the Evaluation of Toxicity Induced by Environmental Toxicants on Model Organisms

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Lethal and sub-lethal effects of triclosan toxicity to the earthworm Eisenia fetida assessed through GC–MS metabolomics

Cited by 37 publications

References 64 publications

Effects of the Chiral Fungicides Metalaxyl and Metalaxyl-M on the Earthworm Eisenia fetida as Determined by 1H-NMR-Based Untargeted Metabolomics

Effects of the Chiral Fungicides Metalaxyl and Metalaxyl-M on the Earthworm Eisenia fetida as Determined by 1H-NMR-Based Untargeted Metabolomics

Metabolic Profiling of Chloroacetanilide Herbicides in Earthworm Coelomic Fluid Using1H NMR and GC–MS

Metabolomic Studies for the Evaluation of Toxicity Induced by Environmental Toxicants on Model Organisms

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Metabolic Profiling of Chloroacetanilide Herbicides in Earthworm Coelomic Fluid Using¹H NMR and GC–MS