Letter to the Editor

Mahajan, Niraj N.; Mahajan, Kshitija N.

doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2007.03.016

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…For a comprehensive evaluation of O 3 model performance at sites across the U.S. using the latest public release of CMAQ, see Appel et al(61) While previous studies have examined the factors affecting O 3 deposition on a local or regional scale, (31,49) marine halogen emissions and their impact on atmospheric chemistry have been studied mainly using global models. (27,29,35,36) These different domains may have distinct factors affecting marine halogen emissions due to the preponderance of coastal vs open ocean waters within the domain. The uncertainty in the marine halogen emissions used in this study is also particularly high because of the scarcity of marine halogen observations to evaluate the model performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, halogens can deplete O 3 in remote and marine environments. (21) This has been shown to occur from reactions of O 3 with bromine and iodine (22)(23)(24)(25) originating from the ocean surface (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30) and through iodide-mediated enhanced deposition onto the ocean surface. (31) Despite the demonstrated impact of marine halogen chemistry and iodide-mediated O 3 deposition over the ocean on surface concentrations, these processes are currently not accounted for in most chemical transport models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Iodide-Mediated Ozone Deposition and Halogen Chemistry on Surface Ozone Concentrations Across the Continental United States

Gantt

Sarwar

Xing

et al. 2017

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The air quality of many large coastal areas in the United States is affected by the confluence of polluted urban and relatively clean marine airmasses, each with distinct atmospheric chemistry. In this context, the role of iodide-mediated ozone (O) deposition over seawater and marine halogen chemistry accounted for in both the lateral boundary conditions and coastal waters surrounding the continental U.S. is examined using the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. Several nested simulations are conducted in which these halogen processes are implemented separately in the continental U.S. and hemispheric CMAQ domains, the latter providing lateral boundary conditions for the former. Overall, it is the combination of these processes within both the continental U.S. domain and from lateral boundary conditions that lead to the largest reductions in modeled surface O concentrations. Predicted reductions in surface O concentrations occur mainly along the coast where CMAQ typically has large overpredictions. These results suggest that a realistic representation of halogen processes in marine regions can improve model prediction of O concentrations near the coast.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Iodide-Mediated Ozone Deposition and Halogen Chemistry on Surface Ozone Concentrations Across the Continental United States

Gantt

Sarwar

Xing

et al. 2017

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…However, infants are at particular risk. Reptiles are symptom less carriers of this pathogen and are probably infected through contaminated water, food or soil [17]. Arizonae is a common gut inhabitant of reptiles, snakes being the most common reservoir for human cases.…”

Section: Fig(9) Antibiogram Groups and Percent Of Resistance To Antimentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Causatives of Diarrhea in Children in Erbil City

Al-Sorchee

Rabat

Juma

2013

JNUS

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Five hundred samples of stool were colleted from patients with diarrhea (infants and children under ten years of age) admitted to the Pediatric and Maternity Hospital in Erbil City from March 2007 to September 2007. The samples were cultured on different culture media and according to the colony morphology, biochemical reactions and by the use of API 20E system, 35 (7%) E.coli I, 8 (1.6%) E.coli II, 17 (3.4%) E.coli III, 22 (4.4%) E.coli IV, 8 (1.6%) Shigella dysenteriae, 16 (3.2%) Salmonella arizonae, 12 (2.4%) Salmonella typhi and 6 (1.2%) Vibrio cholerae. In addition, cases of Entamoeba histolytica 175 (35%), Giardia lamblia 102 (20.4%) and Hymenolepis nana 2 (2.4%) were identified. No infectious agents were found in 75 (15%) of the samples. 22 (4.4%) of the samples had mixed infections. The sensitivity of the bacterial isolates to different antibiotics was performed. There was a variation in the resistance of the isolates ranging from 2-100% whereas other isolates were sensitive. Most cases of diarrhea were in children less than 3 years of age and the males (64%) had more infection rates than the females (35.8%). Children from urban (77%) areas had higher infection rates than those coming from rural (23%) areas. Children who were bottle fed (31.4%) had higher infection rates than those who were breast fed (17.6%) or those with mixed feeding (16.6%).

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Letter to the Editor

Cited by 2 publications

References 2 publications

The Impact of Iodide-Mediated Ozone Deposition and Halogen Chemistry on Surface Ozone Concentrations Across the Continental United States

The Impact of Iodide-Mediated Ozone Deposition and Halogen Chemistry on Surface Ozone Concentrations Across the Continental United States

Microbial Causatives of Diarrhea in Children in Erbil City

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