Leucobacter komagatae gen. nov., sp. nov., a New Aerobic Gram-Positive, Nonsporulating Rod with 2,4-Diaminobutyric Acid in the Cell Wall

Abstract

A new aerobic, gram-positive, nonsporulating rod-shaped organism is described. Strain I F 0 15245T (T = type strain) has the following characteristics: the menaquinone contains a side chain with 11 isoprenyl units; the guanine-plus-cytosine content of the DNA is 66.2 mol%; 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, glutamic acid, alanine, glycine, and y-aminobutyric acid are present in the cell wall at a molar ratio of ca. 1:1:2:1:1; and glucose and galactose are also present in the cell wall. A comparison of partial 16s rRNA sequences revealed that I F 0 1524ST represents a distinct line of descent within the gram-positive bacteria with high guanine-plus-cytosine contents. The taxonomic characteristics of this organism are different from those of previously described aerobic, gram-positive, nonsporulating, rod-shaped bacteria. The name Leucobacter komagatae gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed for this organism. The type strain is strain I F 0 15245.The following three genera of gram-positive, aerobic, irregular rods with 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) in their cell walls have been described previously: the genera Clavibacter (3), Rathayibacter (32), and Agromyces (33). Recently, the new genusAgrococcus (7), whose members also contain DAB in their peptidoglycans, has been proposed. These genera are differentiated by their menaquinone types, the compositions of their cell wall sugars, their DNA G+C contents, their pigmentation, and selected physiological features (1,3,4). The menaquinone found in the genus Clavibacter is MK-9, the menaquinone found 10 in the genus Rathayibacter is MK-10, the menaquinone found in the genus Agromyces is MK-12, and the menaquinones found in the genus Agrococcus are MK-11 and MK-12.Strain IF0 15245T (T = type strain), which was a contaminant in an ampoule labeled "Pseudomonas riboflavina" (18), is a gram-positive, nonmotile, rod-shaped organism. This strain has DAB in its cell wall, and its predominant menaquinone is MK-11. The presence of MK-11 reliably distinguishes strain I F 0 15245T from the members of the genera Agrococcus, Agromyces, Clavibacter, and Rathayibacter that have been described, but the taxonomic position of strain I F 0 15245T has remained uncertain. To clarify the taxonomic position of this organism and its intergeneric relationships with the previously described gram-positive, high-G + C-content bacteria, we determined a partial 16s rRNA sequence of I F 0 15245T and compared it with sequences of 20 representative actinobacteria and related organisms (1 1).In this paper, we describe the taxonomic features of strain I F 0 15245T, and on the basis of morphological, physiological, and chemotaxonomic characteristics and 16s rRNA sequence analysis data we propose that this organism should be classified in the new genus Leucobacter, as Leucobacter komagatae gen. nov., sp. nov. MATERIALS AND METHODSBacterial strains and culture conditions. Strain IF0 15245= was isolated as a contaminant in an ampoule labeled "P. rihofluvina" IF0 13584, which was recently reidentified as Devosiu ribofluvina (...

Diversity of grass-associated Microbacteriaceae isolated from the phyllosphere and litter layer after mulching the sward; polyphasic characterization of Subtercola pratensis sp. nov., Curtobacterium herbarum sp. nov. and Plantibacter flavus gen. nov., sp. nov.

“…The only effective feature to distinguish them from each other was the ability to Genera : 1, Agrococcus ; 2, Agromyces ; 3, Clavibacter ; 4, Cryobacterium ; 5, Curtobacterium ; 6, Frigoribacterium ; 7, Leifsonia ; 8, Leucobacter ; 9, Microbacterium ; 10, Mycetocola ; 11, Subtercola ; 12, Rathayibacter ;13, Type C ' Plantibacter '. Data obtained in this study and extracted from following references : Davis et al (1984), Evtushenko et al (2000), Groth et al (1996), , Ma$ nnisto$ et al (2000), Sasaki et al (1998), Takeuchi et al (1996), Takeuchi & Hatano (1998), Tsukamoto et al (2001), Wieser et al (1999). Abbreviations : C, cocci ; F, filaments ; R, rods ; DAB, diaminobutyric acid ; GABA, γ-aminobutyric acid ; Orn, ornithine ; Lys, lysine ; S, straight-chain saturated ; A, anteiso-methyl-branched ; I, iso-methyl-branched ; (H), cyclohexyl fatty acids sometimes present ; , not determined ; d, different reaction.…”

Proposal of Mycetocola gen. nov. in the family Microbacteriaceae and three new species, Mycetocola saprophilus sp. nov., Mycetocola tolaasinivorans sp. nov. and Mycetocola lacteus sp. nov., isolated from cultivated mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus.

“…Tsukamoto and others 1972), Frigoribacterium (Ka$ mpfer et al, 2000), Leifsonia (Evtushenko et al, 2000), Leucobacter (Takeuchi et al, 1996), Microbacterium (Takeuchi & Hatano, 1998) and Rathayibacter (Zgurskaya et al, 1993). The bacteria we isolated from Pleurotus ostreatus contain lysine as the diamino acid and acetyltype muramic acid in the peptidoglycan, MK-10 as the major menaquinone, a DNA GjC content of 63n9-65n2 mol % and the isolated bacteria cannot grow at 4 mC.…”

Leucobacter chironomi sp. nov., a chromate-resistant bacterium isolated from a chironomid egg mass

“…Among members of the genus, caminobutyric acid has been found only in Leucobacter albus and Leucobacter komagatae. At the time of writing, the genus comprises eight recognized species: L. komagatae (Takeuchi et al, 1996) Strains belonging to the genus Leucobacter occur in a variety of ecological niches such as activated sludge (from a treatment plant containing chromium-contaminated wastewater; Morais et al, 2004, 2006), soil (Lin et al, 2004, river sediment (Morais et al, 2006), nematodes (Somvanshi et al, 2007, Muir & Tan, 2007 and the phyllosphere of potato plants (Behrendt et al, 2008). In the present study, an obligately aerobic, non-motile, Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium (strain MM2LB T ), isolated from a freshwater insect egg mass, is proposed as representing a novel species of the genus Leucobacter.…”