Leukemia in Shoe-Workers Exposed Chronically to Benzene

Aksoy, Muzaffer; Erdem, Simge; Dınçol, Günçağ

doi:10.1182/blood.v44.6.837.837

Cited by 221 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Up to 1974, some case reports or patient series were published in the medical literature, but these reports depended only on clinical findings and not on an epidemiological method. A Turkish haematologist, Pofessor Muzaffer Aksoy conducted an epidemiologic study and reported his findings clearly showing a relationship between benzene and leukemia, in 1974 5) .…”

Section: Occupational Health / Safety In the Worldmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Story of Benzene and Leukemia: Epidemiologic Approach of Muzaffer Aksoy

Yarış

Dikici

Akbulut³

et al. 2004

Journal of Occupational Health

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The aim of this study is to evaluate his epidemiological approach for his investigation on the effects of benzene and to bring attention to the benzene problem in Turkey. Dr. Aksoy observed that a large group of leukemic patients were shoemakers, or they worked in leather manufacturing. In the 1960s, benzene was a popular solvent in the leather industry. Dr. Aksoy conducted a field investigation in Gedikpasa-Istanbul, where the shoemakers worked so that he could draw his key observations from actual environmental conditions. With a gas detector, he found the concentration of benzene in these work places to be 150-210 ppm and up to 650 ppm on rare occasions. He performed an epidemiological study and health education among 28,500 shoe, slipper and handbag workers during the period from 1967 to 1974. He published these data, establishing an association between benzene and leukemia. The incidence of leukemia among the shoe workers was decreased by screening, health education, and legislative actions in Turkey, but it began to increase again because of lack of an occupational health policy and underestimation of the problem. These results suggest the importance of primary prevention of occupational cancers. Dr. Aksoy's epidemiologic approach may highlight the necessity for detailed investigations of the occupational status of patients who need medical aid in order to diagnose Received Dec 2, 2003; Accepted Jan 19, 2004 Correspondence to: F. Yaris, Karadeniz Technical University, School of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine TR-61187 Trabzon, Turkey (e-mail: fyaris@meds.ktu.edu.tr) the real underlying factor. (J Occup Health 2004; 46: 244-247)

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Section: Occupational Health / Safety In the Worldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the evidence of carcinogenicity in humans, the occupational agents are categorized into four groups: i) sufficient evidence, ii) limited evidence, iii) insufficient evidence and iv) lack of evidence of carcinogenicity in humans. Occupational exposure to benzene and its carcinogenicity in humans is wellestablished [1][2][3][4]5) .…”

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confidence: 99%

Story of Benzene and Leukemia: Epidemiologic Approach of Muzaffer Aksoy

Yarış

Dikici

Akbulut³

et al. 2004

Journal of Occupational Health

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“…The association between leukemia and benzene has been described among workers exposed to benzene in several productive sectors. The International Agency of Research on Cancer classified benzene as carcinogenic to humans on the basis of case series reported in workers exposed to high levels of benzene in shoe manufacturing and printing in Italy, France, and Turkey as well as some epidemiologic studies of workers in shoe production and the rubber industry [Aksoy et al, 1974;Infante et al, 1977;Rinsky et al, 1981;IARC, 1982]. Subsequently, new data from cohort studies have confirmed a strong association between leukemia and benzene exposure [Rinsky et al, 1987;Crump, 1994Crump, , 1996Paxton et al, 1994a,b;Seniori Costantini et al, 2003].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of leukemia and multiple myeloma associated with exposure to benzene and other organic solvents: Evidence from the Italian Multicenter Case–control study

Costantini

Benvenuti

Víneis

et al. 2008

American J Industrial Med

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“…(2) 300 ppm, 2 weeks (c) (1) 100 ppm, 8 days, [Li, 1992] a Body weight: upto100 mg/kg/day,12 months or2 years, (oral) in rats [NTP, 1986] Cellularity (spleen) T-cell: at 31ppm, 6 days, and at 300 ppm, 2^5 weeks, (inhalation) in mice [Rozen et al, 1984] Cellularity (bone marrow): at 25 ppm, 2 weeks Cellularity B,Tand Tcell subset (spleen): at100 ppm, 20 days (inhalation) in mice [Rosenthal and Snyder, 1987] Cellularity B lymphocytes (bone marrow): at10 ppm, 6 days, (inhalation) in mice [Rozen et al,1984] Cellularity (bone marrow) at 25 ppm, 2 weeks (inhalation) in mice [Cronkite et al, 1985] Cellularity ( Wells and Nerland [1991] (2) Klan et al [1990] (b) Aoyama [1986] (c) Aksoy et al [1987] a (d) Aksoy et al [1971Aksoy et al [ , 1972Aksoy et al [ ,1974 Mitogenic response (T-cell) lymphocyte to PHA (peripheral blood): (occupational) humans [Yardley-Jones et al,1988] PFC to SRBC: at 400 ppm, 2 or 4 weeks (inhalation) in rats Host resistance s. zooepidemicus: at10 ppm, 1or 5 days (inhalation in mice) [Aranyi et al, 1989] (a Rozen and Snyder [1985] (c) Hsieh et al [1990] Surface markers:…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotoxic effects of chemicals: A matrix for occupational and environmental epidemiological studies

Veraldi¹,

Costantini²,

Bolejack³

et al. 2006

American J Industrial Med

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Background Many biological and chemical agents have the capacity to alter the way the immune system functions in human and animals. This study evaluates the immunotoxicity of 20 substances used widely in work environments. Methods A systematic literature search on the immunotoxicity of 20 chemicals was performed. The first step was to review literature on immunotoxicity testing and testing schemes adopted for establishing immunotoxicity in humans. The second step consisted of providing a documentation on immunotoxicity of substances that are widely used in work environment, by building tables for each chemical of interest (benzene, trichloroethylene, PAHs, crystalline silica, diesel exhausts, welding fumes, asbestos, styrene, formaldehyde, toluene, vinyl chloride monomer, tetrachloroethylene, chlorophenols, 1,3‐butadiene, mineral oils, P‐dichlorobenzene, dichloromethane, xylene, 1,1,1‐trichloroethane, ethylene oxide). The third step was the classification of substances; an index (strong, intermediate, weak, nil) was assigned on the basis of the evidence of toxicity and type of immunotoxic effects (immunosuppression, autoimmunity, hypersensitivity) on the basis of the immune responses. Finally substances were assigned a score of immunotoxic power. Results Tables have been produced that include information for the 20 substances of interest, based on 227 animal studies and 94 human studies. Each substance was assigned an index of immunotoxic evidence, a score of immunotoxic power and type of immunotoxic effect. Conclusions This matrix can represent a tool to identify chemicals with similar properties concerning the toxicity for the immune system, and to interpret epidemiological studies on immune‐related diseases. Am. J. Ind. Med. 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Leukemia in Shoe-Workers Exposed Chronically to Benzene

Cited by 221 publications

References 7 publications

Story of Benzene and Leukemia: Epidemiologic Approach of Muzaffer Aksoy

Story of Benzene and Leukemia: Epidemiologic Approach of Muzaffer Aksoy

Risk of leukemia and multiple myeloma associated with exposure to benzene and other organic solvents: Evidence from the Italian Multicenter Case–control study

Immunotoxic effects of chemicals: A matrix for occupational and environmental epidemiological studies

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