Leukemia inhibitory factor reduces body fat mass in ovariectomized mice

Jansson, John‐Olov; Movérare‐Skrtic, Sofia; Berndtsson, Anna; Wernstedt, Ingrid; Carlsten, Hans; Ohlsson, Claes

doi:10.1530/eje.1.02082

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…To compare the accuracy and precision for these measurements, we determined the bone density of sham-surgery and ovariectomized (OVX) mice. The relative intensity of our measurement was 58.02 6 2.88 for sham-surgery mice and 47.20 6 3.53 for OVX mice (P , 0.05), whereas trabecular BMD (mg/cm 3 ) by peripheral quantitative computerized tomography was 288.6 6 9.1 for sham-surgery mice and 218.7 6 6.8 for OVX mice (P , 0.05) (21). The femurs of each mouse were removed and preserved in 70% ethanol.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Osteoclastogenesis by Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages Is Enhanced in Obese Mice

Kyung

Lee

Phan

et al. 2009

The Journal of Nutrition

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Obesity induces a low-grade systemic chronic inflammatory condition for which macrophages are responsible. We hypothesized that obesity affects osteoclastogenesis by acting on bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM). Male mice were fed a high-fat diet (45% of energy) or a standard diet (10% of energy) for 13 wk. We found that the density of the femurs of obese mice was significantly lower than that of the femurs of lean mice. Osteoclastogenesis was enhanced in the BMM from obese mice. Lower levels of interleukin (IL)-10 were generated by the BMM from obese mice than by those from lean mice upon stimulation of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand. Neutralization of IL-10 in the BMM from obese mice was not as effective in increasing osteoclast (OC) formation as that in those from lean mice. Exogenous IL-10 inhibited OC formation more strongly in the BMM from obese mice than those from lean mice. The elevated level of OC formation in the BMM from obese mice may thus be due to in part to the lower level of IL-10, a negative regulator of osteoclastogenesis. Our results suggest that obesity is associated with bone loss via enhanced osteoclastogenesis due to reduced IL-10 production by the BMM from obese mice.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Osteoclastogenesis by Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages Is Enhanced in Obese Mice

Kyung

Lee

Phan

et al. 2009

The Journal of Nutrition

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“…It may be concluded that different training stimuli or repetitive bouts of exercise seem to be necessary to induce an increase in skeletal muscle LIF protein content. While it has been shown that LIF can decrease fat mass in animal models [116,117], its physiological function in SkM requires further investigations.…”

Section: Exercise and Role Of Contraction-induced Myokinesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Obesity-associated insulin resistance in skeletal muscle: Role of lipid accumulation and physical inactivity

Eckardt

Taube

Eckel

2011

Rev Endocr Metab Disord

127

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An alarming increase in the prevalence of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and associated diseases can be observed world-wide during the past 20 years. In obesity, profound alterations in the secretion profile of adipokines and inflammatory markers as well as increased lipolysis occur, leading besides other events to elevated levels of free fatty acids, which in turn are distributed to nonadipose tissue such as skeletal muscle. While the amount of intramyocellular lipids can be used as a marker of insulin resistance in physical inactive individuals, these neutral triglycerides themselves are not thought to be harmful. However, they provide a source for the generation of harmful lipid metabolites such as diacylglycerol and ceramide, which are implicated in insulin resistance by perturbing insulin signaling pathways. In this review, we will discuss the role of lipid metabolites in insulin resistance and potential mechanism involved in accumulation of intramyocellular lipids. Furthermore, we will highlight the key role of PGC-1α, which is a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and coordinates the activation of genes involved in oxidative energy production as well as genes involved in fiber type transformation. Finally, the role of exercise in stimulating PGC-1α activity and expression as well as the release of contraction-induced myokines is discussed.

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“…1B, C and D) (Kitajima et al 2015). As a decrease in uterine size and increase in body weight are typical phenotypes of an estrogendeficient state (Jansson et al 2006), our ovariectomy-induced estrogen-deficient model was established successfully.…”

Section: Ovariectomy Leads To a Decrease In Uterine Size And An Incrementioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogens maintain skeletal muscle and satellite cell functions

Kitajima

Ono

2016

Journal of Endocrinology

124

115

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Estrogens have crucial roles in an extensive range of physiological functions regulating cellular proliferation and differentiation, development, homeostasis, and metabolism. Therefore, prolonged estrogen insufficiency influences various types of tissues expressing estrogen receptors (ERs). Although ERs are expressed in skeletal muscle and its stem cells, called satellite cells, how prolonged estrogen insufficiency affects their function remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of estrogen reduction on muscle in young ovariectomized (OVX) female mice. We found that reduced estrogens resulted in muscle atrophy in a time-dependent manner. Muscle force generation was reduced in OVX mice. Interestingly, prolonged estrogen insufficiency shifted fiber types toward faster myosin heavy chain isoforms. The number of satellite cells per isolated myofiber was unchanged, while satellite cell expansion, differentiation, and self-renewal were all markedly impaired in OVX mice. Indeed, muscle regeneration was significantly compromised in OVX mice. Taken together, our results demonstrate that estrogens are essential for comprehensively maintaining muscle function with its insufficiency affecting muscle strength and regeneration in young female mice.

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Leukemia inhibitory factor reduces body fat mass in ovariectomized mice

Cited by 20 publications

References 35 publications

Osteoclastogenesis by Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages Is Enhanced in Obese Mice

Osteoclastogenesis by Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages Is Enhanced in Obese Mice

Obesity-associated insulin resistance in skeletal muscle: Role of lipid accumulation and physical inactivity

Estrogens maintain skeletal muscle and satellite cell functions

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