Leukocytes Immunophenotype and Phagocytosis Activity in Pregnant and Nonpregnant Dromedary She Camels

Hussen, Jamal

doi:10.29261/pakvetj/2019.117

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Some authors reported a higher proportion of lymphocytes among leukocytes in males compared to female camels ( 70 , 72 ), while the eosinophil fraction was higher in females compared to males ( 70 ). The impact of pregnancy on the camel leukogram ( 60 ) and the detailed immunophenotype of leukocytes in pregnant she-camels will be discussed in a separate section below.…”

Section: The Leukogram Pattern Of Camels In Health and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flow cytometric analyses identified camel blood neutrophils as highly complex/granular cells (side scatter, SSC high ) expressing CD45 and CD172a ( 35 , 62 ). The higher green autofluorescence of eosinophils can be used to differentiate between camel eosinophils and neutrophils within the granulocyte population ( 35 , 60 ).…”

Section: Characterization Of Phenotype and Function Of Camel Leukocytmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pregnancy-associated immunomodulation has been addressed by a large number of studies in pregnant women ( 157 ), cows ( 158 , 159 ), mares ( 160 , 161 ), and sows ( 162 – 165 ). A recent study investigated the impact of pregnancy on the phenotype and function of she-camel blood leukocytes ( 60 ). The observed significant leukocytosis of pregnant she-camels is similar to findings reported for pregnant cows ( 166 ) and women ( 167 ), which is usually linked with an increased cortisol level during pregnancy ( 161 ).…”

Section: The Immune System Of the Pregnant She-camelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although not proven, it was suggested that the enhanced neutrophil extravasation and accumulation in the uterine tissue might be responsible for the decreased proportion of neutrophils in the blood, as neutrophils from pregnant animals expressed higher densities of the cell adhesion molecule LFA-1 on their surface than non-pregnant animals ( 60 ). Ex vivo functional analyses revealed an enhanced antimicrobial activity of neutrophils from pregnant she-camels.…”

Section: The Immune System Of the Pregnant She-camelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Advances in Camel Immunology

Hussen

Schuberth

2021

Front. Immunol.

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Camels are domesticated animals that are highly adapted to the extreme desert ecosystem with relatively higher resistance to a wide range of pathogens compared to many other species from the same geographical region. Recently, there has been increased interest in the field of camel immunology. As the progress in the analysis of camel immunoglobulins has previously been covered in many recent reviews, this review intends to summarize published findings related to camel cellular immunology with a focus on the phenotype and functionality of camel leukocyte subpopulations. The review also describes the impact of different physiological (age and pregnancy) and pathological (e.g. infection) conditions on camel immune cells. Despite the progress achieved in the field of camel immunology, there are gaps in our complete understanding of the camel immune system. Questions remain regarding innate recognition mechanisms, the functional characterization of antigen-presenting cells, and the characterization of camel NK and cytotoxic T cells.

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Section: The Leukogram Pattern Of Camels In Health and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characterization Of Phenotype and Function Of Camel Leukocytmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Immune System Of the Pregnant She-camelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Immune System Of the Pregnant She-camelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Advances in Camel Immunology

Hussen

Schuberth

2021

Front. Immunol.

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“…Recent studies in camel immunology have enabled the characterization of several subpopulations of camel leukocytes, including camel monocyte subsets, some subsets of camel lymphocytes, and camel neutrophilic granulocytes (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). Neutrophils and monocytes are circulating myeloid immune cells with key roles in innate immunity to bacterial infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Cell Vitality, Phenotype, and Function of Dromedary Camel Leukocytes After Whole Blood Exposure to Heat Stress in vitro

Hussen

2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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The dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) is well-adapted to the desert environment with the ability to tolerate increased internal body temperatures rising daily to 41–42°C during extreme hot. This study was undertaken to assess whether in vitro incubation of camel blood at 41°C, simulating conditions of heat stress, differently alters cell vitality, phenotype, and function of leukocytes, compared to incubation at 37°C (normothermia). Using flow cytometry, the cell vitality (necrosis and apoptosis), the expression of several cell markers and adhesion molecules, and the antimicrobial functions of camel leukocytes were analyzed in vitro. The fraction of apoptotic cells within the granulocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes increased significantly after incubation of camel whole blood at 41°C for 4 h. The higher increase in apoptotic granulocytes and monocytes compared to lymphocytes suggests higher resistance of camel lymphocytes to heat stress. Functionally, incubation of camel blood at 41°C for 4 h enhanced the phagocytosis and ROS production activities of camel neutrophils and monocytes toward S. aureus. Monocytes from camel blood incubated at 41°C for 4 h significantly decreased their expression level of MHC class II molecules with no change in the abundance of CD163, resulting in a CD163high MHC-IIlow M2-like macrophage phenotype. In addition, heat stress treatment showed an inhibitory effect on the LPS-induced changes in camel monocytes phenotype. Furthermore, in vitro incubation of camel blood at 41°C reduced the expression of the cell adhesion molecules CD18 and CD11a on neutrophils and monocytes. Collectively, the present study identified some heat-stress-induced phenotypic and functional alterations in camel blood leukocytes, providing a paradigm for comparative immunology in the large animals. The clinical relevance of the observed changes in camel leukocytes for the adaptation of the camel immune response to heat stress conditions needs further in vitro and in vivo studies.

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