Levamisole, a cocaine cutting agent, induces acute and subchronic systemic alterations in Wistar rats

Laurentino, Ana Olívia Martins; Solomon, J.L.; Tonietto, Bruna Ducatti; Cestonaro, Larissa Vivan; Santos, N.; Piton, Y; Izolan, Lucas dos Reis; Marques, Douglas; Costa-Valle, Marina Tuerlinckx; García, Solange Cristina; Sebben, Viviane Cristina; Dallegrave, Eliane; Schaefer, Pedro Guilherme; Barros, Elvino; Arbo, Marcelo Dutra; Leal, Mirna Bainy

doi:10.1016/j.taap.2021.115649

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…This was seen in mice treated with levamisole alone or combined with morphine. Our results agree with Laurentino et al, who demonstrated that subchronic administration of levamisole decreases the number of neutrophils in rats 29 . With our 3‐week treatment, however, we did not see vasculitis, suggesting that this effect could require more prolonged levamisole exposure.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Although renal injury has rarely been reported in users of levamisole‐adulterated drugs, evidence indicates that this compound can induce it 49,50 . In addition, increased creatinine and urea levels have been found in rats and lambs treated with Lvm 29,48 . We did not find changes in CRE or BUN concentration, but sodium and potassium levels were increased in animals treated with Lvm + Mor, probably reflecting electrolyte regulation impairment.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…Laurentino and co‐workers have recently reported that acute administration of 12 or 24 mg/kg i.p. Lvm causes clear behavioural effects and that 36 mg/kg, i.p., is lethal for most animals, which makes Lvm, by itself, a dangerous drug 29 . However, despite levamisole's widespread use, to the best of our knowledge, no studies have analysed the effects of this drug when administered in combination with opioids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…to determine the doses that produced death in 10% of the animals (LD 10 ). The levamisole doses were chosen based on preliminary results from our laboratory and data from the literature 29,30 . We then tested the effects of co‐administering both drugs at their LD 10 (31.6 mg/kg, i.p.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The levamisole doses were chosen based on preliminary results from our laboratory and data from the literature. 29,30 We then tested the effects of coadministering both drugs at their LD 10 (31.6 mg/kg, i.p. levamisole and 100 mg/kg, i.p.…”

Section: Experiments 1: Acute Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Co‐administration of morphine and levamisole increases death risk, produces neutropenia and modifies antinociception in mice

et al. 2022

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Levamisole is a veterinary anthelmintic drug and a common adulterant of misused drugs. This study analyses the lethal, antinociceptive and haematological effects produced by acute or repeated levamisole administration by itself or combined with morphine. Independent groups of male Swiss Webster mice were i.p. injected with 100 mg/kg morphine, 31.6 mg/kg levamisole (lethal doses at 10%, LD 10 ) or the same

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experiments 1: Acute Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Co‐administration of morphine and levamisole increases death risk, produces neutropenia and modifies antinociception in mice

et al. 2022

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In vitro and in silico investigation of FDA‐approved drugs to be repurposed against Alzheimer's disease

Akkaya,

Seyhan,

Sari

et al. 2024

Drug Development Research

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Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the main causes of dementia, is a neurodegenerative disorder. Cholinesterase inhibitors are used in the treatment of AD, but prolonged use of these drugs can lead to serious side effects. Drug repurposing is an approach that aims to reveal the effectiveness of drugs in different diseases beyond their clinical uses. In this work, we investigated in vitro and in silico inhibitory effects of 11 different drugs on cholinesterases. The results showed that trimebutine, theophylline, and levamisole had the highest acetylcholinesterase inhibitory actions among the tested drugs, and these drugs inhibited by 68.70 ± 0.46, 53.25 ± 3.40, and 44.03 ± 1.20%, respectively at 1000 µM. In addition, these drugs are bound to acetylcholinesterase via competitive manner. Molecular modeling predicted good fitness in acetylcholinesterase active site for these drugs and possible central nervous system action for trimebutine. All of these results demonstrated that trimebutine was determined to be the drug with the highest potential for use in AD.

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Effects of fentanyl and the adulterant levamisole on the rewarding and locomotor effects of methamphetamine in rats

Paz-Ramos,

Violante-Soria,

Browne

et al. 2024

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Levamisole, a cocaine cutting agent, induces acute and subchronic systemic alterations in Wistar rats

Cited by 9 publications

References 41 publications

Co‐administration of morphine and levamisole increases death risk, produces neutropenia and modifies antinociception in mice

Co‐administration of morphine and levamisole increases death risk, produces neutropenia and modifies antinociception in mice

In vitro and in silico investigation of FDA‐approved drugs to be repurposed against Alzheimer's disease

Effects of fentanyl and the adulterant levamisole on the rewarding and locomotor effects of methamphetamine in rats

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